Sfos 82

Front 1

What are the two functions of the ovary?

Back 1

generate mature oocytes; produce steroid hormones

Front 2

The peritoneum covering the ovary and attaching it to the broad ligament forms what?

Back 2

mesovarium

Front 3

This part of the ovary consists of loose connective tissue with smooth muscle, nerves, large blood vessels and lymphatics?

Back 3

Medulla

Front 4

What kind of epithelium covers the ovary (cortex)?

Back 4

simple squamous or cuboidal epithelium

Front 5

What part of the ovary is the origin of the vast majority of malignant tumors?

Back 5

surface epithelium

Front 6

This is the functional unit of the ovary and consits of the oocyte surrounded by epithelial cells (follicle cells/granulosa cells)?

Back 6

ovarian follicle

Front 7

What do the follicular cells all sit on?

Back 7

basement membrane

Front 8

This is the outermost layer of the stroma of the ovary and is more fibrous?

Back 8

tunica albuginea

Front 9

Where do germ cells originate from?

Back 9

yolk sac

Front 10

What are the three lineages that the gonads rise from?

Back 10

yolk sac; intermediate mesoderm; coelimec epithelium

Front 11

What are the oogonia which proliferate by mitosis after migrating to the gonadal ridge connected to each other by?

Back 11

intercellular bridges

Front 12

What phase are the primary oocytes stalled at at birth?

Back 12

prophase of meiosis 1

Front 13

where do the follicular cells which surround the primary oocyte come from?

Back 13

coelemic epithelium >> or cortical sex cords

Front 14

Define a primordial follicle?

Back 14

oocyte + surrounding follicular cells

Front 15

TRUE/FALSE At birth all oocytes are arrested in prophase of meiosis 1?

Back 15

TRUE;

Front 16

About how many oocytes will actually be ovulated?

Back 16

< 500

Front 17

Is the inside of a follicle vascular or avascular?

Back 17

avascular (blood vessels do not cross its basal lamina)

Front 18

This phase of follicular development is the most abundant, with a single layer of flattened follicular cells?

Back 18

Primordial

Front 19

What do the follicular cells in the primordial follicle secrete?

Back 19

nourishment and oocyte maturation inhibitor (OMI)

Front 20

This phase of follicular development is characterized by formation of the zona pellucida, and changing from follicular cells to granulosa cells?

Back 20

Growing follicle

Front 21

In the growing follicle, what links the granulosa cells and the oocyte, facilitating transfer of messages and materials?

Back 21

Gap Junctions

Front 22

This is the glycoprotein-rich layer between the oocyte and the follicular/granulosa cells?

Back 22

zona pellucida

Front 23

This liquid is secreted by the granulosa cell and has a high concentration of estrogen and hyaluronic acid, and is found in the vesicular follicle

Back 23

liqour folliculi

Front 24

This phase of follicular development is characterized by antrum formation as well as theca folliculi surrounding the follicule?

Back 24

Mature (graafian) follicle

Front 25

In the graafian follicle, the oocyte is on one side of the antrum and is surrounded by these?

Back 25

cumulus oophorus

Front 26

This part of the theca folliculi secretes the estrogen precursor

Back 26

Theca interna

Front 27

What occurs to all growing and vesicular follicles because of the lack of hormones required for continued growth?

Back 27

death by atresia

Front 28

The cyclic recruitment seen after puberty is the result of what?

Back 28

increased FSH levels

Front 29

What determines which of the 5-15 follicles will be chosen and ovulated?

Back 29

the one with the most FSH receptors, as FSH drops it will be the only one to survive

Front 30

What mediates follicular atresia which leads to the demise of ovarian follicles?

Back 30

granulosa cells

Front 31

Around what average age are all the oocytes gone at?

Back 31

51.3

Front 32

Describe the morphological changes which occur at the ovary during ovulation?

Back 32

cortex thins over the follicle; avascular spot appears; follicle bursts through

Front 33

What occurs to the oocyte during ovulation?

Back 33

completes meiosis 1 to become secondary oocyte; arrested at metaphase of meiosis 2

Front 34

What can occur of the follicle fails to rupture and the ovary does not reabsorb the fluid?

Back 34

ovarian cysts

Front 35

What creates the corpus luteum?

Back 35

thecal cells and the remaining granulosa cells after follicular rupture

Front 36

Increasing blood levels of what hormones initiate the folliculat phase?

Back 36

LH and FSH

Front 37

What cells produce estrogen in the follicle?

Back 37

granulosa cells

Front 38

What are the effect of estrogen release from the follicle?

Back 38

negatively inhibit the GnRH; FSH decreases but LH stays the same until mid-cycle; Estrogen causes LH surge

Front 39

What is the fundamental reason for the LH surge?

Back 39

a shift from negative to positive feedback in the hypothalamus senses estrogen as a stimulation and increases GnRH

Front 40

What hormonal change is the driving force for ovulation?

Back 40

LH surge

Front 41

What does the corpus luteum produce after stimulation from LH?

Back 41

progesterone, estrogen and inhibin

Front 42

What happens to the corpus luteum if pregancy doesn’t occur?

Back 42

progesterone suppresses LH, corpus luteum becomes less sensitive to LH, progesterone and estrogen decline; hypothalamus is released from suppresion; GnRH rise, Corpus Luteum degrades

Front 43

What keeps the corpus luteum alive if pregnancy occurs?

Back 43

hCG

Front 44

Hypothalamic sensitivity of estrogen is higher in the adult or child?

Back 44

child (inhibition of hypothalamus is easier)

Front 45

What happens to women undergoing menopause?

Back 45

no more follicles; decline in estrogen/progesterone; reproductive organs atrophy

Front 46

What are the 4 segments of the uterine tubes?

Back 46

infundibulum; ampulla; isthmus; uterine

Front 47

What are the most frequent site of ectopic implantation?

Back 47

uterine tubes

Front 48

What are the three leayers of the uterine tubes?

Back 48

mucosa, muscularis, and serosa

Front 49

What cells are found on the mucosa of the unterine tubes?

Back 49

simple cuboidal (ciliated and non-ciliated PEG)

Front 50

Peg cells have cilia or microvilli on their surface?

Back 50

Microvilli

Front 51

The ratio of ciliated cells to secretory cells is higher during what phase (follicular or luteal)?

Back 51

Follicular

Front 52

What is the predominant cell type during the luteal phase within the uterine tubes?

Back 52

secretory