Sfos 6

Front 1

where do T lymphocytes originate? Migrate to?

Back 1

bone marrow to thymus

Front 2

what cell surface marker is associated with T cell receptors (TCR)

Back 2

CD3

Front 3

what 2 cell surface molecuels define the fcn of T cells?

Back 3

CD4, CD8

Front 4

what are CD4+ T cells

Back 4

helper cells that can help cytoxic T cells(Th1) and B lymphocytes (Th2)

Front 5

what are CD8+ T cells

Back 5

cytotoxic cells-kill infected cells, cell mediated immunity

Front 6

what 2 antibodies do B lymphocytes express

Back 6

B cell receptors--immunoglobulin M or D

Front 7

what do B cells become upon activation

Back 7

plasma cells or memory cells

Front 8

what do natural killer cell and γδ T lymphocytes release?

Back 8

perforins, fragmentines(NK), cytokines(γδ T lymphocytes)

Front 9

what cells are included as antigen presenting cells(APC)

Back 9

macrophage, Langerhans cells, reticular dendritic cells of spleen, lymph nodes

Front 10

what must be expressed to be a TRUE APC

Back 10

express MHC Class II, co-stimulatory molecules

Front 11

what is the most effective APC and can stimulate naïve T cells

Back 11

dendritic cells express most Class II, co-stim molecules

Front 12

what must macrophages do to stimulate Class II or co-stimulatory molecules?

Back 12

phagocytose microbes

Front 13

define: cells that can be induced to express MHC II or co-stimulatory signal but only briefly during inflammation

Back 13

non-professional APC

Front 14

ex of non professional APC

Back 14

skin fibroblasts, brain glial cells, pancreatic beta cells, thymic epithelial, thyroid epithelial, vascular endothelial

Front 15

define: intracellular conversion of native proteins into peptides and loading them into MHC molecules

Back 15

antigen processing

Front 16

where does endogenous antigen processing for MHC Class I presentation(viral infection, tumor antigens) occur?

Back 16

in cytoplasm of infected cells

Front 17

describe endogenous antigen processing

Back 17

proteins degraded to peptides→to ER/Gogli→Class I loaded with peptide in ER

Front 18

where does exogenous antigen processing for MHC Class II presentation(bacterial infection) take place

Back 18

phagolysosomes

Front 19

describe exogenous antigen processing

Back 19

Class II synthesized with invariant chain→endosomes fuse with Class II storage vesicles→peptides bind in cleft of MHC molecule→Class II transported to cell surface→Class II, peptide fuse

Front 20

what direct the proliferation and differentiation of the immune response?

Back 20

messenger molecules--cytokines

Front 21

what are the 2 basic groups of cytokines that regulate the produciton of other cytokines

Back 21

pro-inflammatory (Th1)=cellular immune response, anti-inflammatory (th2)=humoral immune response

Front 22

what group of cytokine is made in response to bacterial or viral infections

Back 22

pro-inflammatory (Th1)

Front 23

what group of cytokine is made in response to bacterial products such as toxins

Back 23

anti-inflammatory Th2

Front 24

what is produced in response to viral infection?

Back 24

interferons(IFN) …..also Th1

Front 25

what induces an anti-viral resistance in uninfacted cells

Back 25

interferons(IFN)

Front 26

when are IFN a, b produced? What do they activate

Back 26

early in infection, activate natural killer cells, inc MHC Class I expression

Front 27

when is IFN y produced? By what? What do they activate

Back 27

produced later by activated T cells, activate macrophages to kill infected cells

Front 28

what are some interleukins

Back 28

IL-1 to IL-23, TNF/TGF, hematopoiesis cytokines

Front 29

what are included as cytokines

Back 29

Th1, Th2, IFNa,b,y, interleukins

Front 30

where are single free lymphocytes located?

Back 30

esp in loose CT underlying lumen that connect to outside--GI tract, resp tract, urogenital

Front 31

define: large conc of lymphocytes in body tissues and organs

Back 31

lymphatic infiltration

Front 32

what happens when cells of diffuse lymphatic accumulations react with antigen?

Back 32

actiavted cells form lymph nodules

Front 33

define: sharply defined, unencapsulated lymphoid tissue

Back 33

lymph nodules

Front 34

what are lymph nodules sometimes called?

Back 34

MALT (mucosal Associated Lymphatic Tissue)

Front 35

what are the nodules sites of?

Back 35

lymphocyte production after antigen is presented to B lymphocyte

Front 36

what do stroma of lymph nodules consist of

Back 36

reticular cells, reticular fibers(type III collagen)

Front 37

what contain densely packed small lymphocytes?

Back 37

primary nodules

Front 38

what have a central paler area called a germinal center with larger B lymphoblasts?

Back 38

secondary nodules

Front 39

cells in lymph nodules

Back 39

B lymphocytes, APC-macrophage, dendritic cells

Front 40

define: lymphoid accumulations related to mucosa of GI tract

Back 40

GALT

Front 41

accumulations of what cells in GI tract

Back 41

IgA secreting plasma cells, lymphocytes, other WBC, macrophage, lymph nodules

Front 42

define: aggregates of Unencapsulated lymphoid nodules in lamina propria/submucosa of ILEUM of SI

Back 42

Peyer's patches

Front 43

what area contains high endothelial venules lines by cuboidal epithelium and M(microfold cells)

Back 43

Peyer's patches

Front 44

define: these cells endocytose antigens and transport them to macrophages and lymphocytes in GI tract

Back 44

M(microfold) cells in Peyer's patches

Front 45

define: evagination of cecum that contains single and confluent lymphatic nodules

Back 45

appendix

Front 46

define: ring of lymphatic tissue around entrance into oropharynx

Back 46

tonsils

Front 47

what tonsils underlie/covered by stratified squamous epithelium

Back 47

palatine tonsils, lingual tonsils

Front 48

what tonsils is covered by pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Back 48

pharyngeal tonsil

Front 49

how many crypts does each tonsil have?

Back 49

palatine-10-20, pharyngeal-none, lingual-1

Front 50

define: small, specialized, kidney shaped with a hilus, fully encapsulated organ

Back 50

lymph node

Front 51

where are lymph nodes derived from

Back 51

mesenchyme

Front 52

fcn of lymph nodes

Back 52

filter lymph into larger vessels, body's defense against microorgs and spread of tumors, removal of foreign antigens in macrophage and follicular dendritic cells to B lymphocytes

Front 53

what are surrounded by dense CT capsule with trabeculae

Back 53

lymph nodes

Front 54

what is the lymph node supported by

Back 54

network of reticular cells and reticular fibers, APC, follicular dendritic cells

Front 55

are follicular dendritic cells true APC?

Back 55

no. lack MHC II moleucles on surface

Front 56

flow of afferent lymphatic capillaries

Back 56

subcapsular sinuses→trabecular sinuses→medullary sinuses→efferent lymphatic vessel

Front 57

where does one single efferent lymphatic vessel exit?

Back 57

stalk at hilar area

Front 58

where do lymphocytes that don’t leave via lymph exit?(diapedesis)

Back 58

between cells of high endothelial venules found in deep paracortex

Front 59

what has a densely stainnig cortex and more pale staining medulla?

Back 59

lymph node

Front 60

what can the cortex of lymph node be divided into

Back 60

outer area, deep dense paracortical area

Front 61

what does the outer area of cortex of a lymph node contain

Back 61

primary, secondary lymph nodules, B lymphocytes, macrophage, follicular dendritic cells

Front 62

what does deep dense paracortical area of cortex contain (thymus dependent)

Back 62

T lymphocytes, interdigitating dendritic cells, high endothelial venules

Front 63

what doesteh medulla of lymph ndoes contain

Back 63

medullary sinuses alternating with medullary cords that have reticular cells, B lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages