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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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How accurate is the Linear Model of Female Sexual Response Cycle?
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Not extremely. This cycle is more similar to a man's cycle. Women usually sense arousal before they sense desire.
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What are questions you could ask to determine what sexual desire is?
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- How often do you think about sex?
- How willing are you to initiate sex? - Masturbation- good measure of drive. - How receptive you are to sex. When approached do you agree to sex? |
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4 cues that McCall and Meston discovered make women want to have sex
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- emotional bonding cues
- Explicit/Erotic Cues - visual/proximity cues - romantic cues |
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What hormone plays an important role in male sex drive?
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Androgens (testosterone)
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What works as a negative feedback system to decrease testosterone?
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Treating sex offenders with estrogen to decrease sex drive.
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Do men have too much testosterone?
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There are excessive amount of testosterone in males that are not necessary. There is a critical level of T to have an erection and once you are past that it does not effect sex drive anymore.
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Anonymous male who was having an affair on an island study results.
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Significant increases in testosterone while anticipating seeing his lover.
Meston studied this using saliva of women. |
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What role does estrogen play in sexual desire?
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deficiency can cause a decrease in lubrication and or vaginal atrophy which cain impair desire
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How much do both men and women average a day of testosterone?
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1-7pcg: women
300-1000 pcg: men |
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What is the most important hormone in females sexual desire?
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Testosterone.
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Women who have their ovaries removed are supplemented with what to increase drive?
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Testosterone
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What effect can birth control have on drive?
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It decreases it.
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What did Belis and Baker conclude about relationship between affairs and testosterone leve?
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Women had more affairs during ovulation when T was highest.
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What did Goldstein discover about the birth control effect on drive?
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SHBG (sex hormone binding globulin) levels do not return to normal after getting off of the pill.
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SHBG
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sex hormone binding globulin- attaches to testosterone
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Depressions effect on desire. What was the odd reports for women with depression?
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This negatively effects desire. More problems with arousal, orgasm, pain, sexual satisfaction.
GREATER desire for sexual activity alone: masturbation. Why might this be? |
- self-medicating
- no worry of having to please a partner. |
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Childhood abuse effects on desire. What are the four traumagenic dynamics?
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- traumatic sexualization
- betrayal - stigmatization - powerlessness |
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traumatic sexualization
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conditions of abuse under which child's sexuality is shaped in developmentally inappropriate ways
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betrayal
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child discovers that someone they trusted has caused them harm
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stigmatization
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negative messages about the experience lead to a sense of the self as evil, worthless and shameful
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powerlessness
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child experiences having their body repeatedly invaded against their wishes. May teach child that only "escape" is dissociation from body.
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How does sexual abuse correlate with sexual activity in women
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Usually these women have more sex.
Why is this? |
- sex doesn't hold the same value to them as it does to others
don;t have the same emotional connection to sex. |
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What study/therapy did meston create to help women who have been sexually abused?
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HAd them write for 20 to 30 minutes about their sexual experiences. Afterwords their levels of depression were checked.
What was the finding? |
It was significantly affective. Women became less depressed and had increased sexual desire.
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Mestons study on physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, and wide rang of sexual behaviors.
Men and women findings? |
Women: abuse led to more sexual behavior
Men: no relation between sexual abuse and adult sexual behaviors Men: emotional abuse led to a poorer body image and more sexual dissatisfaction |
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What is the biggest relationship problem that effects desire?
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COMMUNICATION
What are some sub-groups of communication that lead to less desire? |
- Anger
- Lack of trust - Lack of Connection - Lack of emotional intimacy |
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Other Relationship problems that effect desire.
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- Unrealistic expectations
- Loss of attraction to partner - Lack of Sexual skill - Differences in desired amount of emotional intimacy and/or sex |
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Unrealistic expectations are caused many times by?
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"infatuation stage"
What causes this? |
(PEA)- phenylethylamine, which is released when a person first falls in love.
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"fusion" or "merging" among lesbian couples
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Women become so connected that they lose their identities. What does this result in, and why?
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A lacks of sex because one of the reasons women have sex is to be emotionally connected to their mate.
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What questions are asked when trying to decide whether there is a relationship between religiosity and sexual desire. And what are the problems with each question?
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What denomination are you?
- many religions are lumped together How often do you go to church? - may not have time to go to church, or may not find a church they like. - Do you think of yourself as a spiritual person? - How much you believe in or adhere to strict rules of religion. |
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Mestons study of religions effect on sexual desire. What were the results for men and women?
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men: no significant effect.
women: religious fundamentalism: negative effect related to sexual experience in women. |
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How many women are affected by female circumcision?
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80-120 million
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Sunnah clitoridectomy
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clitoral hood removed
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clitoridectomy
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entire clitoral glans, shaft, hood removed, sometimes part of labia
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infibulation
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clitoridectomy plus removal of entire labia minor and parts of labia majora; abraded edges of labia majora stitched together
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What are some health factors that effect desire?
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- disease: pelvic surgery or trauma
- weakness, pain, body image, survival concerns - postpartum hormone deficiencies - BC pills |
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How does alchool effect drive?
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- small amounts can positively increase it, giving less anxiety.
- large amounts can negatively effect performance. |
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What types of prescription drugs effect desire?
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- antidepressants
- antipsychotics - antihypertensives - BC |
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Effects of again on desire?
What is the greatest? |
*- psychological beliefs about aging and sex
- health - medication use - depression - loss of partner smoking/alcohol |
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What sex reports higher levels of sexual desire?
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Men
Why? |
- differences in hormones
- socialization ( men are supposed to be assertive in the sexual situation) - sex roles (men expected to be the sexual creatures) - anatomical differences |
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HSDD Hypoactive sexual desire disorder
Diagnosis: |
- deficiency or absence of sexual fantasies and desire for sexual activity
- must cause distress |
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How may patients in therapy report to having HSDD?
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30-50%
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Why do women with more education tend to have a greater sex drive?
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- Women who have more education tend to have more information about sex and sexual problems can be fixed more easily.
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Treatment of HSDD
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- lifelong: screen endocrine disorders, illness, medication use, depression
- no disorder= individual or couples therapy - cognitive therapy: restructures beliefs and thoughts about sexuality that may inhibit desire - behavioral intervention- change behavior to treat affection and communication - testosterone therapy |
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Testosterone treatments for women
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- pills
- lozenges - sprays - implants& patches - UK and australia - cream - DHEA: makes testosterone in the body |
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Sexual aversion disorder
Diagnosis: |
- aversion to and avoidance of genital sexual contact with a sexual partner
- causes distress * more of an anxiety disorder |
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Causes for sexual aversion disorder:
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- Women with this may have a history of sexual or physical abuse
- In men often caused by erectile failure, or desire to avoid anxious feelings |
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Treatment for Sexual Aversion Disorder
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- treat underlying anxiety
- set realistic goals for performance - anxiolytic meds sometimes used along with sex therapy |
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Systematic desensitization
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- relax muscles
- list rankings of anxieties - beginning with least fearful, the anxieties are imagined. - engages in sexual activities in real life while relaxed. |
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