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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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effect size (definition)
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tool for evaluating size of a difference btwn men and women
how much overlap -average difference -degree of variability |
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distributions- not much overlap
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larger difference, effect size
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distributions- lots of overlap
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smaller difference, effect size
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standard deviation
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how variable scores are around the mean
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effect size (equation)
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mean men - mean women
_____________________ standard deviation |
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small effect size
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.2 or less
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medium effect size
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.5
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large effect size
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.8 or more
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types of aggression
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physical, verbal, indirect, anger
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at extremes of distribution
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greater sex differences
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coalitional aggression
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gangs, organized crime, military
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reason for killing among young men
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-gang activity
-bodies mediated by testosterone -intrasexual selection (comp. for mates, resources) |
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women more aggressive than men in...
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indirect aggression
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men more aggressive than women in...
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physical aggression (med-large)
verbal aggression (sm-med) homicide (large) |
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why are men more aggressive than women?
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proximate- men have more test., socialized to be more aggressive
ultimate- comp. for resources, mates, women need to avoid aggression (stay healthy to bear, raise kids) |
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differential reproductive skew in men and women
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women's max reproduction is limited by biology
men's reproduction limited kinda by women (fertility, willingness) |
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cost/benefit analysis (STATUS)
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status= relative to other
relative status differences should predict male aggression |
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income inequality...
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not overall income predicts homicide
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all traits caused by...
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indivisible effects of genes and environment
-can't have trait w/o E -can't have trait w/o G |
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word fluency test
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women better than men
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vocab test
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no sex difference
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mental rotations test
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men better than women
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4 problems in measuring sex differences
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1. over-reporting of significant diffs
2. influence of stereotypes on perceptions of sbjcts, researchers 3. situational specificity of differences 4. conflicting results in diff test |
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statistical significance
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estimate of likelihood that observed differences btwn groups could occur by chance
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p < ____ = statistically significant
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.05
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over-reporting of significant differences
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can't publish paper that reports no statistically significant group diff
*only believe phenomena supported by multiple lines of evidence |
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stereotypical distortions of perception
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tendency to view world through prism of assumptions, beliefs, experiences
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situational specificity
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sex diffs can go in diff directions under diff testing conditions
ex- does diet influence atherosclerosis? |
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disagreement of data obtained in diff ways
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sensitivity to different tests, variables, perceptions etc
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lack of sex diff in IQ
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can construct test that favors men or women
don't differ in general intell, but in different sections |
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computations test
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no sex difference
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math word problems test
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males better than females
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perceptual speed
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females better than males
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other differences in human behavior
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gender identity (more men question than women)
sexual orientation aggression |
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are sex differences caused be act or org hormones?
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-CAH girls more masculine in some traits
-diffs present before puberty *ALSO SOCIAL EFFECTS |
