Settling The Northern Colonies

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John Calvin

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French pastor during protestant reformation who broke from the Roman Catholic Church in 1530. He did not approve of the corrupt ways of the Catholics, so he started his own Christian religion called Calvinism.

He was important because he began his own religion which would be adopted in the Americas

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Puritans

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English Protestant Reformers who wanted to purify the Church of England of the corruptions of the Catholics. Puritans believed in a more honest and truthful way of practicing religion and were against the Catholic ways.

Puritanism was important because it was a way of life the colonist followed.

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Separatists

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Small group of Puritans who wanted to break away entirely from the Church of England. After temporarily settling Holland, a group of separatists called pilgrims made their way to Plymouth Bay, Massachusetts in 1620 on the Mayflower.

Separatists are important because some of them became the pilgrims that settled in New England

Front 4

Mayflower Compact

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First governing document of Plymouth colony and it was written aboard the Mayflower on November 11, 1620 by Separatists fleeing religious persecution from King James of England.

The Mayflower Compact is important because it was the basic guidelines for the colonies' government

Front 5

"Great Migration"

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The movement of many Englishmen from their homeland to the new world during the 1600s. This movement was caused by the growing number of Puritans in England and the religious persecution from the king.

The Great Migration was important because it led to outbreaks of population growth in the new world.

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John Winthrop

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One of the leading figures in the founding of the Massachusetts Bay colony. He served as governor there for twelve years.

He was important because he was someone the other Puritans looked to as a leader

Front 7

Bible Commonwealth

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A colony in the Massachusetts Bay area that stated its taxes supported churches and visible saints

The Bible Commonwealth was important because they only supported religious followers in the new world

Front 8

Quakers

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Started in 1600s in England, originally known as the Religious Society of Friends. They viewed themselves a Christian denomination and believed their outlook on Christianity was the only proper way.

They were important because Quakers made new religions and practiced their own beliefs which spread to other people in the new world

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Anne Hutchinson

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Believed god did not communicate through church elders, but to the individual directly. She was forced to leave Mass. in 1637

She was important because her followers founded New Hampshire in !638

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Roger Williams

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English clergyman who was forced to leave Mass. for disagreeing with the Puritans

This is important because it shows how strongly Puritanism was favored

Front 11

Squanto

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Native Aerican who assissted the Pilgrims after their first winter in the new world

He was important because he help the pilgrims to survive

Front 12

King Phillip's War

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Conflict between colonists and natives which lasted fourteen months. In the end the majority of deaths were Native Americans and most of them that remained alive became slaves.

This is important because it shows the the Europeans didn't care how they treated the natives

Front 13

New England Confederation

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Established in 1643, its main purpose was for defense. The colonies that took part in it were the Massachusetts Bay colony, New Haven, the Plymouth Colony, and scattered valley settlements in Connecticut.

This was important because it was the colonies' way of defending themselves

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Dominion of New England

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An administrative union of colonies that was not successful and only lasted for three years. It was large and stretched from the Delaware River to the Penobscot Bay

This was important because the colonies attempted to govern themselves without assistance

Front 15

Navigation Laws

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In 1651 England passed acts that stated England could only trade with its own colonies. Other countries' economies were affected poorly.

This is important because it shows how England was strict with the colonies' trade.

Front 16

Sir Edmund Andros

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Governor of the Dominion of New England, In 1686 he was very strict and unpopular. He violated the rights of the colonists and was arrested and sent back to England.

This is important because it shows that the colonists did have some rights

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Henry Hudson

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An English explorer hired by the Dutch. He sailed along the northern coast of New England and what is now the Hudson bay and similarly named river, which were both named after him. He claimed New Netherlands for the Dutch.

He was important because he expanded territory for the English in the new world

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Peter Stuyvesant

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Governor of Dutch colony who was disliked by the colonists. He was considered a brutal tyrant. He tried to resist the English capture of New York but he surrendered to the English on September 8, 1664.

He was important because he lost his colony to English control

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William Penn

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In 1681 he received a land grant from King Charles II so then he could create a colony. He made it a safe and free place for Quakers which allowed religious freedom. It was called Pennsylvania.

He was important in expanding of the colonies

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"Visible Saints"

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Godly Christian people who would go to heaven when they died. Puritans believed that only visible saints should be allowed to be church member

This is important because it shows how religious the people of New England were

Front 21

Antinomianism

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Anne Hutchinson believed in antinomianism and founded a doctrine for it which is one of the main reasons she was kicked out of her colony. She thought that the Gospel frees Christians from having to obey laws

This is important to show her beliefs towards Christians and how her policies were in the New World

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Conversion

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Puritans were required to have been baptized before conversion. Many of the Puritans attempted to convert the natives

This is important because most people in the colonies were Puritans and wanted the natives to follow their beliefs

Front 23

"City on a Hill"

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John Winthrop tried to make the Massachusetts Bay colony a perfect place for the Puritans to live.

This is important because it shows how the Pilgrims adapted in the New World