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40 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Site

Ground occupied by a settlement

Situation

Location of settlement relative to its surroundings

Example of an Administritive function area

London or Brazilia

Example of a a tourism function area

Benidorm

Example of Port function area

Southampton or Portsmouth

Example of an Industrial function area

Manchester or Chicago

Example of Route Centre function area

Paris or Swindon

Difference between administrative function and industrial settlements?

Have mainly tertiary jobs on the other hand they have nainly secondary jobs

Case Study: Benidorm


1960?


2016?


How has it changed its function over time? And how?

1960- Primary-fishing/farming


2016- tourism-tertiary


Isolated fishing village -> tourism


This was due to introduction of main roads and aeroplanes

Linear Settlement?

Built along in a line

Dispersed Settlement?

Scattered

Nucleated Settlement?

Concentrated around one focus point

Counter-urbanisation?

People move from urban to rural

Sub-urbanisation?

Move to edge of urban areas

Urbanisation?

Places become more like cities + people move from rural to city

Causes of depopulation in rural areas? (4)

-Harsh environment (relief and weather)


-Limited job opportunities


-'Bright city lights' draw young people away


-Go to mainland to achieve higher levels of education

Case Study: Depopulation in rural community?


Why did people move?


What will happen to population?

Western Isles, Scotland


-harsh environment,


-lack of transport, jobs , facilities


, facilities


• Ageing population

Impacts of Depopulation? (3 pros) (2 cons)

-Reduction in pollution


-Decline in use of natural resources


-More nature reserves


-Decline in services


-Empty and abandoned buildings

Consequences of counterurbanisation? (1 pro) (5 cons)

G: Local services/schools thrive


B: House price rise


Tension with residents


Local shops decline


Loss of community spirit


Increase in pop. = more traffic/congestion

Burgess Model/Central Zone Model?

Hoyt Model?

Cities organised in sectors rather than rings. However basd round newer city rather than old European ones.

What is wrong with models?

•Every city is different


•Model is old


•New trends have developed since


Greenbelt?

Area where your not allowed to build to stop urban sprawl

Solutions to Housing shortages? (5)

•Eco towns


•Redevelopment of brownfield sites


•Suburban intensification


•NEW TOWNS


•Cube housing

New towns?

Planned community/city - typically constructed in previously undeveloped area

Case Study: New Town?


When was it designated a newtown?


Abercrombie plan?


Selfcontained neighbourhood?Successful? (2)

-Stevenage, Hertfordshire, N. Of London


-First New town 1 august 1946


-Ring of new towns around london


-Allowed people to work/play/live within same area


-Yes-prevented urban sprawl+good communication links

Impacts of deindustrialisation on inner city areas of the Uk? (3)

-Unemployment


-Derelict building


-Brownfield sites (rundown)

Renewal & Redevelopment?

Renewal- to provide economic activities and employment opportunities after de-industrialisation



Redevelopment- create new uses for old buildings or clear them to build new ones

Case Study: Redevelopment+Renewal of deindustrialisation area?


Past?


Renewal activities?(2)


Redevelopment activities?(2)


-Bradford, West Yorkshire


-Textile industry that declined during 2nd half of 20th century



engineering and ICT


-new tourism/leisure facilities


-modern industries e.g. engineering and ICT -new tourism/leisure facilities -Rejuvenation old mills into museums -Creating new brownfield land



-Rejuvenation old mills into museums


-Creating new brownfield land

What is are slum/shanty town?

Swlf built housing lacking one or more of :


•clean water


•santiation


•durable housing


•security

What are the risks of people living in slums/shanty towns? (4)

-Rapid spread of illness/disease


-Social/cultural barrier prevents kids having education


-Banks refuse slum residents


-Government ignore slum dwellers = excluded from voting and city plans

Why are there shanty towns/slums? (2)

-Due to rapid growth of cities in LICs = poor conditions


-Rural to urban migration = increase in population = housing shortages

Problems in Shanty Towns?

•over crowding


•fires


•not enough resources


•competition for jobs


•disease


•bad infrastructure

Case Study: Vaux, Sunderland


Result of ?


Past?


Future?

Deindustrialisation


Brewery which closed in 1999 + is one of most signif brownfields in england


Diversify city's economy (offices+shops) - 3,000 new jobs - new hotel - 1000 new homes - greenspace by river and high architechture


Effects of developing on Greenfield sites? (2 pros) (2 cons)

build on


•cheaper to build on •faster to build on


build on •faster to build on


build on •faster to build on


•faster to build on


~valuable farmland lost


~wildlife disturbed which could = < biodiversity

Effects on devoloping on Brownfield sites? ( 2 pros) (2 cons)

Helps rejuvenate old/derelict areas


Helps rejuvenate old/derelict areas•Services (gas, water, electricity, sewage) already in place


Helps rejuvenate old/derelict areas•Services (gas, water, electricity, sewage) already in place


•Services (gas, water, electricity, sewage) already in place


- could be highly contaminated with pollutants


- run down surrounding areas = hard to attract investors

Example of Counterurbanisation in UK? (3)

Isle of Skye,Scotland.


30% are outsiders.


Skye Bridge made it accessible to mainland.

Effects of Urban Fringe Housing estates? (2 pros) (2 cons)

•popular for offices/factories=job opportunities


•space for leisure facilities


~built on greenfield


~increases urban sprawl

Effects of Eco Towns? (2 pros) (2 cons)

•can be allocated to people with lower incomes


•car-free (sustainable)


~increase urban sprawl


~built on greenfield

Case Study: Effects of Rapid Growth in cities in LIC?


Population?


Housing type? Why? (2)


Problems in Dhaka? (2/3)

-Dhaka, Bangladesh


-population of 12 million +


-shanty towns: cannot afford anywhere else, lack of housing



-disease due to over crowding + poor conditions


-water pollution - contaminated from industries


-air pollution - vehicles and domestic fires