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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are characteristics of the Class Amphibia?
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Notochord replaced by bone or connecting bone
3 chambered heart (almost functions like 4) Tetrapods – walk on all fours Smooth, moist skin (not reptiles) Water required for reproduction |
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Nonvascular plants
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First on land but didn’t conquer it
Almost same features as amphibians |
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Reproduction of Amphibia
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Amplexus – no internal fertilization
Tadpole larvae Metamorphisis (thyroid gland) – helps them develop |
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What is the nickname for organism in the Class Amphibia?
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Dual life
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What are the Orders of the Class Amphibia
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Order Urodela: “Salamander” – distinct tail
Order Anura: “Frogs/Toads” – w/o a tail Order Apoda:”Caecilians” – w/o feet |
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What animal do Caecilians resemble?
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Snake
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Where are most amphibians found?
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Near a lot of rainfall
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What is a large toad equivalent to?
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Mountain chicken
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Is pollination the same as fertilization?
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No
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What are the characteristics of the Class Reptila?
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Tough, dry, scaly skin (not moist)
Internal Fertilization 3-chambered heart in most 4-chambered heart in some (except in alligators and crocs) Well developed lungs Well developed limbs Shelled egg (developed later on) |
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What are the parts of the egg?
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Yolk sac
Amion: protects embryo Chorian: gas exchange Allantosis: waste/egg exchange |
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Spiny anteater & Duckbilled Platypus
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mammals w/ shelled eggs
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How many years apart were humans and Dinosaurs?
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65 million years
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What is a Notolyst
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Fossil species
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What is a nickname for Dinosaurs?
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Terrible lizards
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Covariant evolution
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groups that aren’t close start adapting
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What are Orders of the Class Reptila?
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Order Rhynchocephalia
Order Crocodilia Order Squamata Order Testudines |
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What are characteristics of the Order Rhynchocephalia?
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Third eye present: melatonin
Regulates sleep (shine light at the back of leg, stimulate melatonin level) |
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What are characteristics of the Order Squamata?
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Organisms: Snake and Lizards
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What are characteristics of the Order Testudines?
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Organism: Turtles
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What is the evolutionary link between Reptiles &…
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Mammals
Therapsids (Extinct) Birds Saurischians (Extinct) |
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What are characteristics of the Class Aves?
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Feathers and Scales
Skeleton w/ air cavities (very light weight!) Beak (no teeth nowadays) 4 chambered heart Homeotherms via endothermy Keeled sternem & flying Carinate Flat sternem & flightless Ratite |
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What are birds that can fly called?
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Keeled carinate
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What are birds that cannot fly called?
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Flat ratile
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What birds have teeth?
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Extinct/primitive birds
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Archaeopteryx
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Primitive bird (had teeth)
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Why would lungs of birds be portioned?
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For efficient respiration
A lot of chambered lungs They’re hot so they need a lot of air |
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Uropigal
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Oil gland
Feathers of birds that go into water are covered in oil so they can quickly fly away |
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Achinga
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A bird that fishes
Doesn’t have oil gland so can’t fly until it dries off it’s wings |
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What are the Subclasses of the Class Aves?
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Subclass Archaeornithes
Sunclass Neornithes |
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What are organisms of the Subclass Archaeornithes nicknamed?
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Fossil birds
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What are organisms of the Subclass Neornithes nicknamed?
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Modern birds
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What are characteristics of the Class Mammalia?
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Hair
Integument w/ glands Mammary glands Sebaceous & Sweat Dentition specialized Jaw bones à ear ossicles Homeotherms via Endothermy 4 chambered heart |
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Explanation of Homeotherms via Endothermy in Mammals?
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Homeothermy: maintain body temperature
Endothermy: maintain temp by (internal) contracting muscles, blood flow, etc. Ectothermy: maintain temp by (external) going from sun to shade |
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What are the reproductive types of Mammals?
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Egg layers
Marsupials Placentals |
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What are the Subclasses of Mammals?
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Subclass Prototheria
Subclass Theria |
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What are characteristics of the Subclass Prototheria?
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Monotermes
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Echidna
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Spiny anteaters
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Monotremes
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Mammals that lay eggs
Ex. Spiny anteaters & Duckbilled platypus Have cloaca |
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What are characteristics of the Subclass Theria?
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Monotherians: Marsupials, Opossum, Kangaroos, Koalas
Eutherians: Placentals |
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How did Primates and Humans Evolutionize?
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Prosimians: Lemurs
Anthropods: Monkeys, Apes, & Humans Hominoids Apes vs. Humans Fossil Record: The Earliest Human: Lucy Austrolopithicus afarensis |
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Carnivora
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possess sharp, pointed canine teeth and molars for shearing.
Organism: dogs, wolves, bears, cats, weasals, otters, seals, walruses |
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Cetacea
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Marine forms with fish-shaped bodies, paddlelike forelimbs and no hind limbs, thick layer of insulating blubber
Organism: Whales, dolphins, porpoises |
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Chiroptera
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Adapted for flyng, possess a broad skinfold that extends from elongated fingers to body and legs
Organism: bats |
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Primates
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Opposable thumb, forward-facing eyes, well-developed cerebral cortex, omnivorous
Organism: Humans, monkeys, apes, lemurs |
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Carnivora
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possess sharp, pointed canine teeth and molars for shearing.
Organism: dogs, wolves, bears, cats, weasals, otters, seals, walruses |
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Cetacea
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Marine forms with fish-shaped bodies, paddlelike forelimbs and no hind limbs, thick layer of insulating blubber
Organism: Whales, dolphins, porpoises |
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Chiroptera
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Adapted for flyng, possess a broad skinfold that extends from elongated fingers to body and legs
Organism: bats |
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Primates
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Opposable thumb, forward-facing eyes, well-developed cerebral cortex, omnivorous
Organism: Humans, monkeys, apes, lemurs |
