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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Normal serum sodium is...
Low serum sodium implications common causes high serum sodium implications causes |
135 to 145 mEq/L
<135 mEq/L hyponatremia syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone. >145 mEq/L hypernatremia Diabetes insipidus |
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Normal serum potassium is__
low serum potassium implications common causes high serum potassium implications common causes |
*3.5 to 5 mEq/L
<3.5 mEq/L hypokalemia diarrhea >5mEq/L hyperkalemia burns |
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Normal total serum calcium
Low total serum calcium Implications Causes High total serum calcium Implications Causes |
8.9 to 10.1mg/dL
<8.9 mg/dL hypocalcemia acute pancreatitis >10.1mg/dL hypercalcemia hyperparathyroidism a |
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Normal ionized calcium
Low ionized calcium Implications Common causes High ionized calcium Implications common causes |
4.5 to 5.1 mg/dL
<4.5 mg/dL hypocalcemia Massive transfusion >5.1 mg/dL hypercalcemia Acidosis |
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Normal serum phosphorous
Low serum Phosphorous Implications Common Causes High serum phosphorous Implications Common Causes |
2.5 to 4.5 mg/dL; or 1/8 to 2.6 mEq/L.
<2.5 mg/dL or 1.8 mEq/L hypophosphatemia Diabetic ketoacidosis >4.5 mg/dL or 2.6 mEq/L hyperphosphatemia renal insufficiency |
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Normal serum magnesium
Low serum magnesium Implications Common Causes High serum magnesium Implications Common Causes |
1.5 to 2.5 mEq/L
<1.5 mEq/L hypomagnesemia Malnutrition >2.5 mEq/L hypermagnesemia renal failure |
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Normal serum chloride
low serum chloride Implications Common causes High serum chloride Implications Common Causes |
96 to 106 mEq/L
<96 mEq/L hypochloremia prolonged vomiting >106 mEq/L hyperchloremia hypernatremia |
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Describe the basic functions of sodium (8)
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1. Regulates extracellular fluid volume
2. Increases cell membrane permeability 3 Maintains blood volume 4 Controls water distribution between extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid spaces 5. Provides necessary mechanism for normal nerve impulse conduction. 6. helps maintain neuromuscular irritability 7. assists in controlling muscle contractility 8. provides necessary mechanism for buffer system as cation that combines with bicarbonate and phosphate. |
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Describe the basic functions of Potassium (6)
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1. regulates water and electrolyte content of intracellular fluid (ICF)
2. Promotes nerve impulses, especially in heart muscle. 3. Promotes skeletal muscle function 4. Assists in transforming carbohydrates into energy and restructuring amino acids into proteins 5. Provides necesary mechanism for glycogen deposition in liver 6. Assists in regulation of acid-base balance by cellular exchange with hydrogen. |
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Describe the basic functions of calcium (10)
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1. Nonionized form required for building strong bones and teeth.
2. Acts as essential component for blood coagulation 3. decreases neuromuscular irritability 4. Promotes normal nerve impulse transmission 5. Strengthens and thickens cell membrane 6. Assists in absorption and utilization of vit. b12 7. activates enzymes that in turn activate chemical rxs. in the body 8. Inhibits cell membrane permeability to sodium 9. moves into cell with sodium during depolarization, binding tropin 10. results in actin- and myosin- promoting muscle contraction |
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Basic Functions of Magnesium (9)
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1. Affects metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins.
2. activates many enzymes (b12 metabolism, use of potassium, calcium, protein) 3. promotes regulation of calcium, phosphate, potassium 4. Provides essential mechanism for nerve transmission, muscle contraction (needs to be present for actin and myosin to use adenosine triphosphate), heart fx, 5. powers Na/K pump 6. Necessary for energy release in adenosine triphosphate-adenosine diphosphate reaction (ADP) 7. Inhibits smooth-muscle contraction 8. Influences vasodilation t help cardiovascular system functioning 9. Helps sodium/potas. pump |
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Anions are...(5)
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(HCO3-), Cl-, HPO4-, Proteinate, and Organic Acids.
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Basic functions of Cl- (4)
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1. Regulates extracellular fluid volume
2. Serves as blood buffer-chloride shift. 3. Digestion - required for secretion of hydrochloric acid 4. Necessary for activation of protease, bile, pancreatic juices |
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Basic functions of Phosphate (HPO4-) (5)
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1. Nonionized form promotes bone and teeth rigidity
2. Promotes acid-base balance (buffer system) 3. Provides necessary mechanism for production of adenosine triphosphate for energy transfer. 4. Maintains cell wall integrity 5. RBC ingredient, WBC and platelets. |
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Basic Functions of Hydrogen (H+)/Bicarbonate (HCO3-) (3)
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1. Ratio of the concentration of each determines acidity or alkalinity of body fluids.
2. Acid-base balance promotes efficient enzyme functioning 3. Acid-base balance is necessary for binding of oxygen by hemoglobin. |
