Serology Test 1 Lecture 3 Soluble Mediators

Front 1

If a cascading sequence of proteins is activated directly, it follows the _____ pathway.

Back 1

alternate

Front 2

If a cascading sequence of proteins is activated by antigen-antibody interaction, it follows the ____ pathway.

Back 2

classical

Front 3

Which two immunoglobulins are associated with the classical pathway?

Back 3

IgG and IgM

Front 4

three complement pathways

Back 4

classical, alternate, MB lectin

Front 5

Activation of C5 convertase starts production of ____

Back 5

MAC

Front 6

What starts MAC production?

Back 6

activation of C5 convertase

Front 7

what is C3 convertase in the classical pathway

Back 7

C4b2a

Front 8

what is C3 convertase in the alternate pathway

Back 8

C3bBb

Front 9

What is C5 convertase in the classical pathway

Back 9

C4b2a3b

Front 10

What is C5 convertase in the alternate pathway

Back 10

C3bBbC3bP (properdin)

Front 11

What does properdin stabilize

Back 11

C3 convertase in alternate pathway: C3bBbC3b

Front 12

3 proteins unique to alternate pathway

Back 12

Factor B, Factor D, and P (properdin)

Front 13

6 proteins common to both classical and alternate pathway

Back 13

C3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9

Front 14

5 proteins unique to classical pathway

Back 14

C1qrs, C4, C2

Front 15

Name at least 3 activators of the classical pathway

Back 15

Immune complex (IgG, IgM)

apoptotic cells

some viruses and Gram neg. bacteria

CRP bound to ligand

Front 16

Name at least 3 activators of alternate pathway

Back 16

many bacteria

yeast

fungi

viruses

tumor

IgA and IgE

haptens

Front 17

Name the 3 stages of the classical pathway

Back 17

Recognition

Enzymatic activation

Membrane attack leading to cell destruction

Front 18

what is the recognition unit of classical pathway

Back 18

C1qrs

Front 19

What is the activation unit of of the classical pathway

Back 19

C3 activation unit is C4b2a (C3 convertase)

C5 activation unit is C4b2a3b (C5 convertase)

Front 20

name 3 anaphylactoxins

Back 20

3a, 4a, 5a

Front 21

cause inflammatory mediators to release histamine, smooth muscle contractions, increase vascular permeability (swelling), some are chemotaxins, some play a role in coag (C2b-intrinsic pathway)

Back 21

anaphylatoxins

Front 22

C3b aheres to immune complex to faciliate clearing of these molecules. Phagocytic cells (macrophages) have cell surface receptors for C3b.

Back 22

immune adherence

Front 23

Name 3 chemotaxins

Back 23

C3a, C5a, C5b67

Front 24

What is complement factors are associated with kinin activation

Back 24

C2b interacts with C1s to produce smooth muscle contraction, mucous gland secretion, pain, and increased vascular permeability

Front 25

strong viral neutralizer (C' component)

Back 25

C1, C4

Front 26

activation of this C' component may trigger edema

Back 26

C2

Front 27

C3 convertase inactivator

Back 27

C3bC4b

Front 28

releases histamine and other mediators from basophils- is an anaphylatoxin and chemotaxin

Back 28

C3a

Front 29

is C4a an anaphylatoxin and chemtaxin?

Back 29

yes and no

Front 30

C' components most likely to coat a cell

Back 30

C3, C4

Front 31

chemical class of Ags most likely to activate the alternate pathway

Back 31

polysaccharides

Front 32

immunophatologic stain detect C' proteins which are physically bound to tissue in which the immunologic reaction is occuring

Back 32

Tissue assay

Front 33

most frequeny evaluation of C' to diagnose and monitor patients

Back 33

serum/plasma assays

Front 34

measures light scattering properties of immune complexes; the more antigen-antibody complexes present, the more beam of light that will scatter, VERY ACCURATE

Back 34

nephelometry

Front 35

screening test (broad/inexpensive) for hereditary disorders; measures via serial dilution the amount of patient serum required to lyse 50% of sensitized sheep RBCs; C1-9 is required for this to occur

Back 35

total functional complement assay (CH50)

Front 36

done on a gel with anti-C3, the larger teh zone, the more the complement

Back 36

radioimmunodiffusion

Front 37

hereditary deficiency of early complement components (C1, 4, 2) is associated with _____

Back 37

systemic lupus erythematosus like syndrome

Front 38

decrease in these C' components indicate collagen/autoimmune disease

Back 38

C1, 4, 2

Front 39

hereditary deficiency associated with pneumococcal septicemia and glomerulonephritis; worst deficiency to have, causes lifelong life-threatening infections

Back 39

C3 deficiency

Front 40

decrease in this C' component indicated by overwhelming infections

Back 40

C3

Front 41

hereditary deficiency of late complement components associated with

Back 41

Neisseris infections

Front 42

indicates a mild consumption with classical pathway activation

Back 42

Decreased C4 and normal C3

Front 43

indicates significant consumption and activiation of classical pathway by immune complexes

Back 43

Decreased C4 and C3

Front 44

indicates hereditary angioedema

Back 44

Decreased C1 INH (C1 esterase)

Front 45

profuse swelling, C' is not able to be turned off, C2b keeps on reproducing, binds C1 to prevent FC binding on Abs

Back 45

hereditary angioedema (decreased C1 INH/esterase)

Front 46

group of cytokine molecules that mediate interactions between leukocytes but do not bind Ag. Classified based on what they regulate

Back 46

Interleukins

Front 47

what are interleukins and what do they do

Back 47

a group of cytokine molecules that mediate interactions between leukocytes but do not bind antigen

Front 48

what cells produce IL 1

Back 48

macrophages and monocytes

Front 49

Name 3 IL 1 functions

Back 49

activate T cells

increase number of B cells

increase CSF

activate vascular endothelium

cause fever and acute phase protein synthesis

induce T cells to produce lymphokines, cytokines, and mediators

Front 50

What cells produce IL 2

Back 50

CD4 (T helper cells)

Front 51

Name functions of IL 2

Back 51

cause proliferation of activated T and B cells

T cell growth Factor

B cells produce more Ab

NK cells activated

(like a super vitamin- Men's 2 a day)

Front 52

what ILs do activated T cells produce? B cells?

Back 52

activated T cells produce IL 3, IL 4, IL 5 and IL 6 (B cell produce IL 6, aka interferon beta)

Front 53

fxn of IL 3

Back 53

increase number of mast cells in skin, spleen, and liver

growth differentiation of all cell types

colombus

Front 54

fxn of IL 4

Back 54

development/differentiation of T cells

regulate Th2 immune activities

drive Ab responses

(I am number 4. a taxi driver, micromanaging his two helpers (TH2), telling T cells to develop)

Front 55

fxn of IL 5

Back 55

cause B cells to produce Abs

(woohoo, high five!)

Front 56

what cells produce IL 6 and what is its half life

Back 56

activated T and B cells, monocytes, and fibroblasts, half life is 1 hour, formerly known as INF beta

(number of the devil, produced by many types of cells, many temptations)

Front 57

fxn of IL 10

Back 57

reduce INF gamma production

(NBA slam dunk contest reduces INF gamma production and boosts ESPN)

Front 58

fxn of IL 12

Back 58

activates macrophages and NK cells

increase INF gamma production

(discipleship of INF gamma- 12 disciples)

Front 59

a group of cytokines discovered in virally infected culture cells and inhibit viral replication

Back 59

interferon

Front 60

antiviral proteins which inhibit viral replication and activate NK cells, produced by dendritic cells

Back 60

interferon alpha and beta

Front 61

INF alpha and beta is produced by what cells

Back 61

dendritic

Front 62

antiviral protein which activates NK cells and macrophages, stimulates B cells to produce antibodies, is the principal macrophage-activating cytokine, stimulates expression of MHC class I and II, promots differentiation of naive CD4 cells to Th1 cells, inhibits proliferation of Th2 cells

Back 62

interferon gamma

Front 63

name 3 functions of INF gamma

Back 63

inhibit Th2 proliferation

promote Th1 proliferation

activate macrophages

stim B cells to produce Ab

Front 64

the principle mediator of actue inflammatory response to gram negative bacteria and microbes, responsible for septic shock, decreased BP, and DIC

Back 64

TNF

Front 65

TNF is resonsible for what 3 detrimental things

Back 65

septic shock, decrease BP, DIC

Front 66

2 actions of TNF

Back 66

recruit neutrophils and monocytes to infection site (gram neg infection)

activate them to eradicate microbes

Front 67

produced by macrophages, lymphs, and NK cells when encountering bacteria, viruses, tumor cells, toxins and C5a. suppresses myeloid and RBC stem cells, doesn't affect differentiation

Back 67

TNF alpha

Front 68

lymphotoxin

Back 68

TNF beta

Front 69

produced by CD4 and Cd8 after exposure to specific antigen.

Back 69

TNF beta

Front 70

interacts with pluripotent stem cells in the BM to make them more repsonsive to CSF

Back 70

stem cell factor (c-kit ligand)

Front 71

group of glycoproteins associated with nonspecific inflammation of body tissues. increase takes place soon after trauma. synthesis is initiated and sustained by cytokines

Back 71

acute phase proteins

Front 72

name tissue injuries that can trigger acute phase proteins

Back 72

infection, surgical procedures, inflammation, infection, druge response, trauma, malignancies

Front 73

main biological sign of inflammation

Back 73

increase in ESR

Front 74

where is CRP produced and under what control

Back 74

liver (under IL-6 control)

Front 75

what are rCRP and cCRP

Back 75

cCrp is more specific for cardiac and rCRP is done on babies to determine inflammation and abnormal heart defects

Front 76

proteins which binds to free hgb and removes it from serum

Back 76

haptoglobin

Front 77

found in increased quantities at the healing sight, converted to fibrin for clotting

Back 77

fibrinogen

Front 78

family of proteins made in the liver; deficiency causes loss of elasticity in lungs and liver damage; protease inhibitor

Back 78

alpha-1 antitrypsin

Front 79

where is alpha-1 antitrypsin synthesized

Back 79

liver

Front 80

proteins which transports copper in the blood and oxidizes iron

Back 80

ceruloplasmin

Front 81

transports cytokines and growth factors, inhibits enzymes in the kinin, C', coag, and fibrinolytic pathways (proteinase inhibitor)- controls coag system

Back 81

alpha-2 macroglobulin

Front 82

removes cholesterol through metabolism

apolipoprotein synthesized in the liver

Back 82

serum Amyloid A

Front 83

how to ID amyloidosis

Back 83

congo green