Sensory Pathways

Front 1

4 general somatic senses

Back 1

pain, thermal, position, touch/pressure

Front 2

what is gustation

Back 2

taste

Front 3

5 special senses

Back 3

olfaction, vision, gustation, equilibrium, hearing

Front 4

2 classifications of sensory receptors

Back 4

1. according to stimulus source; 2. according to modality to which they respond (somatic, visceral)

Front 5

3 types of sensory receptors according to stimulus source

Back 5

exteroceptors, interoceptors, proprioceptors

Front 6

What are the 5 types of somatic receptors (modality classification)

Back 6

mechanoreceptors, nociceptors, thermoreceptors, photoreceptors, chemoreceptors

Front 7

What are the 2 types of nociceptors? which one is myelinated

Back 7

a-delta (myelinated, fast/acute pain); C-fibers (unmyelinated, chronic, aching)

Front 8

Which nociceptor carries fast/prickling pain, as in an injection or deep cut

Back 8

Type A fibers

Front 9

Which nociceptor carries slow pain, burning, aching?

Back 9

Type C fibers [Cs are for slow ppl]

Front 10

What are the 2 types of visceral receptors (modality classification)

Back 10

chemorecptors and baroreceptors

Front 11

Fingertip receptor for two-point discrimination (discrim. touch)

Back 11

Meissner's corpuscle

Front 12

Fingertip receptor for deep pressure, vibration, and proprioception

Back 12

Pacinian corpuscle

Front 13

Fingertip receptor for continuous touch and pressure, stretch (mostly in dermis of fingers)

Back 13

Ruffini organ

Front 14

Fingertip receptor for light touch

Back 14

Merkel's disc

Front 15

Fingertip receptor for pain, temp, and touch

Back 15

free nerve endings

Front 16

light touch

Back 16

superficial receptors - missner's, merkel's, and free nerve endings

Front 17

deep touch

Back 17

deeper receptors - Ruffini organ and pacinian corpuscle

Front 18

2 types of receptors that are just free nerve endings

Back 18

thermoreceptors and nociceptors

Front 19

2 places we find nociceptors

Back 19

dermis, skeletal muscles

Front 20

liver and hypothalamus contain what kind of receptors

Back 20

thermoreceptors

Front 21

Which receptors are considered the simplest of our sensory receptors?

Back 21

thermo/nociceptors

Front 22

What are the 3 classes of mechanoreceptors

Back 22

tactile receptors, baroreceptors, and proprioceptors

Front 23

t/f there are barorecports in the digestive, reproductive, and urinary tracts

Back 23

TRUE

Front 24

2 major locations of chemoreceptors

Back 24

carotid and aortic BODIES

Front 25

what 4 aspects of sensory input are CODED by the nervous system?

Back 25

modality (stimulus type), location, duration, intensity

Front 26

What type of recptor maintains the sensation as long as the stimulus is applied? e.g.?

Back 26

Tonic receptor (non-adapting); proprioceptors

Front 27

What type of recptor stops firing when the stimuli are constant? e.g.?

Back 27

Phasic receptor (adapting); smell

Front 28

T/F ALL sensory receptors are coded for how much of stimulus is present in th erecpetive field.

Back 28

true (loud vs quiet, bright vs. dim)

Front 29

What is the lowest detectable intensity which could vary?

Back 29

sensory threshold

Front 30

4 reasons why the nervous system modifies AP coding sensory information (sensory processing)

Back 30

1. make info more reliable; 2. amplify small signals; 3. increase signal contrast; 4. selects only imp. info

Front 31

3 mechanisms of sensory processing

Back 31

1. Convergence; 2. Divergence; 3. Lateral inhibition

Front 32

What type of sensory processing mech works when many receptor axons synapse to ONE postsynaptic cell? purpose?

Back 32

Convergence; increases signal over a noisy background

Front 33

What type of sensory processing mech works when a single recepotr axon synapses with MANY postsynaptic cells? purpose?

Back 33

Divergence; amplificaiton of single recptor effect

Front 34

What type of sensory processing mech inhibits neighbor cells? purpose?

Back 34

Lateral inhibition; makes sensation sharper and clearer

Front 35

T/F a receptor field is monitored by only a single receptor cell

Back 35

true - so the larger the receptive field, the more difficult it is to localize a stimulus

Front 36

Where do first order neurons start?

Back 36

DRG

Front 37

2 places we find first order neurons

Back 37

DRG cells and cranial nuclei

Front 38

How many neurons are involved in sensations from sensory recepotrs to sensory area in cerebral cortex?

Back 38

3

Front 39

Where do we find second order neurons

Back 39

SC dorsal horn or medullary nuclei

Front 40

Where do second order neurons syapse to?

Back 40

thalamus

Front 41

Where are 3rd order neurons found?

Back 41

thalamus

Front 42

Where do third order neurons conduct impulses to?

Back 42

somatosensory cortex of cerebrum

Front 43

**TQ What part of brain is in charge of motor and sensory innfo for leg/feet?

Back 43

PARACENTRAL LOBULE

Front 44

**TQ Major structure found in the LATERAL SULCUS?

Back 44

middle cerebral artery

Front 45

**TQ Which artery supports the part of the brain that supplies the lower extremities?

Back 45

anterior cerebral artery

Front 46

cerebrum cavity

Back 46

lateral ventricle

Front 47

diencephalon cavity

Back 47

3rd ventricle

Front 48

hindbrain cavity

Back 48

4th ventricle

Front 49

midbrain cavity

Back 49

cerebral aqueduct

Front 50

spincal cord cavity

Back 50

central canal

Front 51

ENDOGENOUS ANALGESIA

Back 51

opiod peptides and nonopiod NTs

Front 52

Enkephaline, beta-endorphin, and dysnorphin are all what type of compound

Back 52

opiod peptide

Front 53

Serotonin, Norepi, and dopa are all opiod or nonopiod NTs

Back 53

non-opiod

Front 54

Where do we find enkephalin interneurons?

Back 54

dorsal horn lamina 1-3

Front 55

Which dorsal nuclear group has receptors for neurotransmitters (Excitatory and inhibitory) and release enkephalins which inhibits release of substance P by the pain fibers (A-delta and C-fibers)?

Back 55

Substantia gelatinsa of Rolandi

Front 56

Visceral pain is transmitted by both A-delta and C fibers which reach the organs via what type of nerves - symp or parasymp?

Back 56

sympathetic; parasymp carry nonpainful sensations

Front 57

Irritation of the DRG causes what type of pain

Back 57

radicular pain

Front 58

Where dooes choecystitis refer

Back 58

tip of right shoulder

Front 59

Where does appendiciits ref

Back 59

area around belly button

Front 60

There are not as many types of interoceptors that transmit visceral sensory info as comparted to those in somatic tissues. Name so visceral sensory interoceptors (5)

Back 60

barorecptors, chemorecepotrs, nociceptors, thermo, and tactile

Front 61

Term: spontaneous sensation of pickling, tingling, or numbness

Back 61

paresthesia

Front 62

Term: exaggeration of tacitle stimuli

Back 62

hyperesthesia

Front 63

Term: diminished sensitivity

Back 63

hypesthesia

Front 64

Term: complete loss of all forms of sensibility

Back 64

anesthesia