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49 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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HCFA
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Health Care Financing Administration: (1990) Approved low vision as a physical impariment for rehab part B
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T/F Low vision is associated with depression
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TRUE
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Visual Acuity
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ability to see items clearly
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Accommodate
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Focus to changes in illumination (Light/dark adaption)
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Moderate Visual Impariment
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corrected visual acuity- 20/70-20/16
-10 inches to read |
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Severe visual impariment
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Legal blindness-
Correct VA: 20/200-20/400 20 degrees 4 inches to read |
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Profound Visual Impariment
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Corrected visual impairment: 20/400 and less
10 degrees 2 inches to read |
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Visual Changes with aging
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1. slower processing
2. degeneration along optic pathway 3. difficulty recognizing moving objects or complex figure ground |
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Sclera (Affects of aging)
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Function: Outter layer
Loss of opacity causing vision to be less clear |
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Choroid
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F: Vascular layer/ metabolic support to retina
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Retina
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Inner nerve layer/ converts light to brain signals
- Rods get sensitive to dim light -difficulty seeing at night - cones sensitive to bright light,color discrimination |
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Diabetic Retinopathy
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Affects retinal blood vessels causes hemorrhaging and abnormal growth of new blood vessels
- four stages |
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Symptoms of Diabetic Retinopathy
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Fluctuating distorted vision
Focusing problems Loss of color vision Floaters “stars” Glare sensitive May have impaired contrast sensitivity May have central vision problems |
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Eccentric Viewing
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Used when the macula is involved. Requires looking through different parts of your eye
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Functional Impact of Contrast Sensitivity
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Communication
Mobility ADLs Near vision tasks |
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Retina (macula)
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Progressive, Irreversiable central vision loss
-Dry and WEt |
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Functional Impact of Contrast Sensitivity
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Communication
Mobility ADLs Near vision tasks |
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Scotoma
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Central visual field loss during reading and writing
-Caused by macualr degeneration |
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Retina (macula)
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Progressive, Irreversiable central vision loss
-Dry and WEt |
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VEGF
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Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor- used to treat "wet" MD
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Scotoma
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Central visual field loss during reading and writing
-Caused by macualr degeneration |
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Age related changes to the cornea
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Becomes less transparent, thickens, flattens causing astigmatism
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What part of the eye is the first to be affected by age related changes?
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The Cornea
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VEGF
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Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor- used to treat "wet" MD
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Arcus Sinilu
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opaque ring inside the border between the cornea and the sclerotic coat (Affects Peripheral vision)
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Age related changes to the cornea
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Becomes less transparent, thickens, flattens causing astigmatism
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What part of the eye is the first to be affected by age related changes?
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The Cornea
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Age Changes with the Pupil
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Becomes smaller, less light enters
-Older adults require 3X the amount of light |
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Function of the Lens
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Works with the cornea to focus light on the retina at the back of the eye
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Arcus Sinilu
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opaque ring inside the border between the cornea and the sclerotic coat (Affects Peripheral vision)
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Age changes to the Lens
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Loss of elasticity
Thickens Yellowing (Far sighted, altered color vision, high glare and light sensitivity) |
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Age Changes with the Pupil
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Becomes smaller, less light enters
-Older adults require 3X the amount of light |
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Function of the Lens
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Works with the cornea to focus light on the retina at the back of the eye
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Age changes to the Lens
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Loss of elasticity
Thickens Yellowing (Far sighted, altered color vision, high glare and light sensitivity) |
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Cataract
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Clouding of the lens from portein buildup
-Treated with surgery |
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Implications of Cataract
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Cloudy/ blurry vision
Colors seem faded Glare, poor night vision, double vision in one eye, Contrast |
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Glaucoma
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"The sneak theif of sight"
Group of conditions that result in elevation of pressure in the eye leading to optic nerve damage |
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Implications of Glaucoma
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loss of peripheral vision
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Presbyopia
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Loss of accomodation
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Hyperopia
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Farsightedness
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Scotoma
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Blind spot (Periph or cent)
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Oreferred Retinal Location (PRL)
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usage of a particular part of the retina to fixate a target
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Key Concepts for Home adaption for Low vision
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1. Lighting
2. contrast 3. Reducing Glare 4. Megnificiation and Enlargement 5. Clutter and Safety |
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The avg 70 yr old can see at?
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20 feet ahead
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Avg upward gaze at 5-14 yr/o
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40 degrees
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Avg upward gaze at 75-94
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16 degrees
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Presbycusis
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loss of hearing in old age
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Implications of Presbycusis
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Blurred sounds
"S" and "TH" are hard to hear and distinguish between affected by background noise Mans voice is easier to hear |
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Tinnitus
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Ringing, Roaring, hissing in one or both ears
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