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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cutaneous sensitivity
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the sensory effect of skin stimulation
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What are the 3 types of cutaneous sensitivity?
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pressure/touch, temperature, and pain
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basket cells
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major nerve endings for hairy skin regions
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Glaborous skin
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hairless skin which is thicker and found on smooth surfaces of soles/toes of feet, palms/fingesrs of hand, and lips/mouth
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Pacinian corpuscles
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major nerve endings in glaborous skin
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Meissner's corpuscles
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touch/pressure
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Ruffini endings
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warmth
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Krause end bulbs
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cold
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How are neighboring regions of skin represented in the somatosensory cortex?
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Neighboring regions of skin are represented in neighboring regions of the somatosensory cortex
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What is a homunculus?
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a topographic representation of the brain areas devoted to various parts of the body
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The more cortical tissue devoted to an area of skin…
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the more sensitive that area is to processing stimuli
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Skin areas that are highly receptive have…
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small receptive fields and a rich density of nerve innervation
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Skin areas that are less sensitive have…
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large receptive fields and a lower density of nerve innervation
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How much skin displacement is needed to create the sensation of pressure?
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.001mm
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Sensitivity to touch varies…
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with the intensity and region of the body
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Pressure sensitivity (most to least)…
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Face, trunk, fingers, arm
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Point Localization for Touch
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the ability to localize touch sensations on a stimulated region of skin, varies with region of the body stimulated
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Stimulation of regions with finer muscular control (hands&mouth)…
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result in more accurate point localization
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Two-point threshold
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the smallest separation of two separate but adjacent points of stimulation on the skin that just produces two distinct impressions of touch
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More mobile skin regions (hands & parts of face) are…
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most sensitive and have very low two-point thresholds
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Thermal sensitivity is irregularly distributed over the skin
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some areas are more sensitive to cold, some to warmth
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Changes in temperature are detected by…
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free nerve endings
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Which receptors are closer to the skin?
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Cold receptors are closer to the skin than warmth receptors
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Sensations of cold and warmth are relative
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prolonged increases in temperature decrease the sensitivity of warmth receptors and increase the sensitivity of cold receptors and vice versa
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Neutral temperature depends on prior history…
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increase temperature, feels warm, becomes neutral. If temperature drops to initial neutral it feels cold.
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Pain serves the function of alerting us to noxious stimuli
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Nocioceptors detect stimuli that we perceive as painful
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The brain controls our awareness of pain and our emotional response to it
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Psychological factors such as expectation, attitude, attention, emotional state, and cognitive processes have a significant effect on the intensity and quality of pain
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