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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Sensation
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Process by which you detect physical energy and encode it as neural signals.
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Absolute Threshold
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Way to measure sensory sensitivity
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Signal/Detection Theory
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No actual absolute threshold due to factors
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Subliminal Stimulation
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Receipt of messages that are below one’s absolute threshold for conscious awareness
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Difference Threshold
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Minimum difference between any 2 stimuli that a person can detect 50% of the time
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JND
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“Just noticeable difference”-Ability to notice change
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Weber’s Law
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Difference threshold increases proportion to size of stimulus
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Sensory Adaptation
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Become less sensitive to a stimulus-allows you to focus on important changes
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Transduction
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Transformation of stimulus energy to the electrochemical energy of neural impulses
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Photoreceptors
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Convert light energy to electrochemical neural impulses. Ex. Rods/Cones
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Sclera
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Tough, white connective tissue
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Cornea
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Transparent tissue in the front of your eye
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Rods
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Have lower threshold than cones; are sensitive to light/dark/movement.
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Cones
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Are sensitive to different wavelengths of light; provides basis for color
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Dark Adaptation
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Shift from mostly cone vision to mostly rod vision.
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Bipolar Cells
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Layer of neurons in front of retina
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Ganglion cells
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Layer of neurons in front bipolar cells
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Optic Nerve
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Formed by converged axons of ganglion cells
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Feature Detectors
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Specific neurons in the primary visual cortex of the brain
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Parallel Processing
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Simultaneous processing of stimulus elements
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Trichromatic Theory
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3 different types of photoreceptors are each most sensitive to a different range of wavelengths.
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Audition
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Your sense hearing
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Amplitude
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Height of the sound wave and louder the sound
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Frequency
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Number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a second
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Pitch
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Determine the highest/lowest of the sound called
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Timbre
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The purity of the wave form/mixture of the sound waves
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Sound localization
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Process by which you determine the location of a sound
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Place Theory
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The position on the basilar membrane at which waves reach their peak depends on the frequency of the tone
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Frequency Theory
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The rate of the neural impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone.
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Conduction Deafness
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A loss of hearing that results when the eardrum is punctured or any of the ossicles lose their ability to vibrate.
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Nerve deafness
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(sensorineural) results from damage done to the cochlea, hair cells, or auditory neurons
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Depth Perception
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Ability to judge the distance of objects
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Monocular Cues
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Clues about distance based on the image of one eye. Ex Motion parallax/ accomodation
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Binocular Cues
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Clues about distance requiring 2 eyes. Ex. Retinal disparity/convergence
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Convergence
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Inward turning of your eyes that occurs when you look at an object that is close to you
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Motion Parallax
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Involves images of objects at different distances moving across the retina at different rates
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Interposition/Overlap
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When a closer object cuts off the view of part or all of a more distant one
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Relative Size
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Provides a cue to their distance when the closer of 2 same-size objects casts a larger image on your retina
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Relative Clarity
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When closer objects appear sharper than more distant, hazy objects
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Texture Gradient
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A cue to distance when closer objects have a coarser, more distinct texture than far away objects that appear more densely packed or smooth
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Relative Height/Elevation
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When 2 objects closest to the horizon appear to be the farthest from you.
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Linear Perspective
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A cue to distance when parallel lines seem to converge in the distance
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Optical Illusions
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2 identical horizontal bars seem to differ in length.
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Perceptual Constancy
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As an object approaches, it appears larger
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Perceptual Set
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AKA mental Presiposition; Determined by schemas you form early on
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Schemas
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Concepts or framework that organize and interpret info
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Perceptual Adaptation
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Adapting to the changed visual input
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Extrasensory Perception
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ESP; Perception can occur apart from sensory input
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Telepathy
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Mind-to-mind communication
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Clairvoyance
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Perception of remote events
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Precognition
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Perception of future events
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Telekinesis
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AKA psychokinesis; moving remote objects through mental processes
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