Sensation And Perception (Ch.6)

Front 1

Sensation

Back 1

The process by which are sensory receptors and nervous system receive and represent stay most energies from our environment

Front 2

Perception

Back 2

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information; enabling us to recognize meaningful objects and eventsbottom up processing

Front 3

Bottom up processing

Back 3

Analysis that begins with the sensory receptors and works up to the brain integration of sensory information

Front 4

Top-down processing

Back 4

Information processing guided by higher level mental processes, as when we construct perceptions drawing on our environment and expectations

Front 5

Psychophysics

Back 5

The study of relationships between the physical characteristics of stimuli, such as their intensity, and our psychological experience of them

Front 6

Absolute threshold

Back 6

The minimus stimulation needed to detect a particular stimulus 50% of the time

Front 7

Signal detection theory

Back 7

A theory predicting how and when we detect the presence of a faint stimulus amid background stimulation.

Front 8

Subliminal

Back 8

Below one's absolute threshold for conscious awareness

Front 9

Priming

Back 9

The activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, best predisposing one's perception, memory, or response

Front 10

Difference threshold

Back 10

The minimum difference between two stimuli required for detection 50% of the time

Front 11

Webers law

Back 11

The principle that, to be perceived as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage

Front 12

Sensory adaptation

Back 12

Diminished sensitivity as a consequence of constant stimulation

Front 13

Transduction

Back 13

Conversion of one form of energy into another

Front 14

wavelength

Back 14

The distance from the peak of one light or soundwave to the other peak of the next

Front 15

Hue

Back 15

The dimension of color that is determined by the wavelength of light

Front 16

Intensity

Back 16

The amount of energy and a light or sound wave, which we perceive as brightness or loudness

Front 17

Pupil

Back 17

The adjustable opening in the center of the eye through which light enters

Front 18

Iris

Back 18

A ring of muscle tissue that forms the colored portion of that eye; Controls the size of the pupil opening

Front 19

Lens

Back 19

The transparent structure behind the people that changes shape to help focus images on the retina

Front 20

Retina

Back 20

The light-sensitive inner surface of the alright, containing the receptor rods and cones plus layers of neurons that begin the processing of visual information

Front 21

Accommodation

Back 21

The process by which the eyes lens changes shape to focus near or far objects on the retina

Front 22

Rods

Back 22

Retinal receptors that detect black white and gray

Front 23

Cones

Back 23

Retinal receptor cells that are concerned near the center of the retina and of the function of daylight or well let conditions

Front 24

Optic nerve

Back 24

The nerve that carries neural impulses from I to the brain

Front 25

Blind spot

Back 25

The point at which the optic nerve leaves that I creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there

Front 26

Blind spot

Back 26

The point at which the optic nerve leaves that I creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there

Front 27

Fovea

Back 27

The central focal point in the retina, around which the eyes cones cluster

Front 28

Blind spot

Back 28

The point at which the optic nerve leaves that I creating a blind spot because no receptor cells are located there

Front 29

Fovea

Back 29

The central focal point in the retina, around which the eyes cones cluster

Front 30

Feature detectors

Back 30

Nerve cells in the brain that respond to specific features of the stimulus, which as shapes, angle, or movement

Front 31

Parallel processing

Back 31

The processing of many aspects of a problem simultaneously; The brains natural mode of information processing for many functions including vision

Front 32

Young Helmhtz trichromatic (3 color) theory

Back 32

The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors (Red green and blue)

Front 33

Young Helmhtz trichromatic (3 color) theory

Back 33

The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors (Red green and blue)

Front 34

Opponent process theory

Back 34

The theory that opposing retinal processes (Red green, yellow blue, white black) enable color vision

Front 35

Young Helmhtz trichromatic (3 color) theory

Back 35

The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors (Red green and blue)

Front 36

Opponent process theory

Back 36

The theory that opposing retinal processes (Red green, yellow blue, white black) enable color vision

Front 37

Audition

Back 37

The sense or act of hearing

Front 38

Frequency

Back 38

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point to given time

Front 39

Frequency

Back 39

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point to given time

Front 40

Pitch

Back 40

I tones experienced highness or lowness depends on frequency

Front 41

Frequency

Back 41

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point to given time

Front 42

Pitch

Back 42

I tones experienced highness or lowness depends on frequency

Front 43

Middle ear

Back 43

The chamber between the eardrum in the cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochleas oval window

Front 44

Frequency

Back 44

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point to given time

Front 45

Pitch

Back 45

I tones experienced highness or lowness depends on frequency

Front 46

Middle ear

Back 46

The chamber between the eardrum in the cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochleas oval window

Front 47

Cochlea

Back 47

A coral, bony, fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which soundwaves trigger nerve impulses

Front 48

Frequency

Back 48

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point to given time

Front 49

Pitch

Back 49

I tones experienced highness or lowness depends on frequency

Front 50

Middle ear

Back 50

The chamber between the eardrum in the cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochleas oval window

Front 51

Cochlea

Back 51

A coral, bony, fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which soundwaves trigger nerve impulses

Front 52

Inner ear

Back 52

The innermost part of that year, containing the cochlea, semicircular Canal, and vestibular secs

Front 53

Frequency

Back 53

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point to given time

Front 54

Pitch

Back 54

I tones experienced highness or lowness depends on frequency

Front 55

Middle ear

Back 55

The chamber between the eardrum in the cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochleas oval window

Front 56

Cochlea

Back 56

A coral, bony, fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which soundwaves trigger nerve impulses

Front 57

Inner ear

Back 57

The innermost part of that year, containing the cochlea, semicircular Canal, and vestibular secs

Front 58

Place theory

Back 58

And hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochleas membrane is stimulated

Front 59

Frequency

Back 59

The number of complete wavelengths that pass a point to given time

Front 60

Pitch

Back 60

I tones experienced highness or lowness depends on frequency

Front 61

Middle ear

Back 61

The chamber between the eardrum in the cochlea containing three tiny bones that concentrate the vibrations of the eardrum on the cochleas oval window

Front 62

Cochlea

Back 62

A coral, bony, fluid filled tube in the inner ear through which soundwaves trigger nerve impulses

Front 63

Inner ear

Back 63

The innermost part of that year, containing the cochlea, semicircular Canal, and vestibular secs

Front 64

Place theory

Back 64

And hearing, the theory that links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochleas membrane is stimulated

Front 65

Frequency theory

Back 65

Any hearing, the theory that the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches this frequency of a tone

Front 66

Conduction hearing loss

Back 66

Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts soundwaves to the cochlea

Front 67

Conduction hearing loss

Back 67

Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts soundwaves to the cochlea

Front 68

Sensorineural hearing loss

Back 68

Hearing loss caused by damage the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves

Front 69

Conduction hearing loss

Back 69

Hearing loss caused by damage to the mechanical system that conducts soundwaves to the cochlea

Front 70

Sensorineural hearing loss

Back 70

Hearing loss caused by damage the cochlea's receptor cells or to the auditory nerves

Front 71

Cochlear implant

Back 71

A device for converting sounds into electrical signals and stimulating the auditory nerve through electrodes threaded into the cochlea

Front 72

Kinesthesis

Back 72

The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

Front 73

Kinesthesis

Back 73

The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

Front 74

Vestibular sense

Back 74

The sense of the body movement and position, including the sense of balance

Front 75

Kinesthesis

Back 75

The system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts

Front 76

Vestibular sense

Back 76

The sense of the body movement and position, including the sense of balance

Front 77

Gate control theory

Back 77

The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological gate that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain

Front 78

Sensory interaction

Back 78

The principle that one sends me influence another

Front 79

Gestalt

Back 79

And organized whole

Front 80

Figure ground

Back 80

The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from the surroundings

Front 81

Figure ground

Back 81

The organization of the visual field into objects that stand out from the surroundings

Front 82

Groupig

Back 82

The perceptual tendency to organize stimuli into coherent groups

Front 83

Depth perception

Back 83

The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina two dimensional (judge distance)

Front 84

Depth perception

Back 84

The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina two dimensional (judge distance)

Front 85

Visual cliff

Back 85

A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Front 86

Depth perception

Back 86

The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina two dimensional (judge distance)

Front 87

Visual cliff

Back 87

A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Front 88

Binocular cues

Back 88

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes

Front 89

Depth perception

Back 89

The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina two dimensional (judge distance)

Front 90

Visual cliff

Back 90

A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Front 91

Binocular cues

Back 91

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes

Front 92

Retinal disparity

Back 92

Binocular queue for receiving depth; by comparing images from the retina and that you eyes the brain computes distance

Front 93

Depth perception

Back 93

The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina two dimensional (judge distance)

Front 94

Visual cliff

Back 94

A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Front 95

Binocular cues

Back 95

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes

Front 96

Retinal disparity

Back 96

Binocular queue for receiving depth; by comparing images from the retina and that you eyes the brain computes distance

Front 97

Monocular cues

Back 97

Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perceptive, they able to either alone

Front 98

Depth perception

Back 98

The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina two dimensional (judge distance)

Front 99

Visual cliff

Back 99

A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Front 100

Binocular cues

Back 100

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes

Front 101

Retinal disparity

Back 101

Binocular queue for receiving depth; by comparing images from the retina and that you eyes the brain computes distance

Front 102

Monocular cues

Back 102

Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perceptive, they able to either alone

Front 103

Phi phenomenon

Back 103

An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

Front 104

Depth perception

Back 104

The ability to see objects in three dimensions although the images that strike the retina two dimensional (judge distance)

Front 105

Visual cliff

Back 105

A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Front 106

Binocular cues

Back 106

Depth cues, such as retinal disparity, that depend on the use of two eyes

Front 107

Retinal disparity

Back 107

Binocular queue for receiving depth; by comparing images from the retina and that you eyes the brain computes distance

Front 108

Monocular cues

Back 108

Depth cues, such as interposition and linear perceptive, they able to either alone

Front 109

Phi phenomenon

Back 109

An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession

Front 110

Perceptual constancy

Back 110

Perceiving objects as unchanging and even as illuminated and retinal images change

Front 111

Color constancy

Back 111

Perceiving familiar objects as having constant color, even if changing illumination alters the wavelengths reflected by the object

Front 112

Perceptual adaptation

Back 112

InVision the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

Front 113

Perceptual adaptation

Back 113

InVision the ability to adjust to an artificially displaced or even inverted visual field

Front 114

Perceptual set

Back 114

A mental predisposition to perceive one thing and not the other

Front 115

Human factors psychology

Back 115

A branch of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

Front 116

Extrasensory perception (ESP)

Back 116

That controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes temporary, clairvoyants, and precognition

Front 117

Extrasensory perception (ESP)

Back 117

That controversial claim that perception can occur apart from sensory input; includes temporary, clairvoyants, and precognition

Front 118

Parapsychology

Back 118

The study of paranormal phenomena