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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
sensation
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the detection of physical energy emitted or reflected by phsyical objects
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perception
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the process by which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information
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sense receptors
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specialized cells that convert physical energy in the enviroment or the body to electrical energy that can be transmitted as nerve impulses to the brain
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the prinicple that diffrent sensory modalities exsist because singnals received by the sense organs stimulate diffrent nerve pathways leading to diffrent areas of the brain
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doctorine of specific nerve energies
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a rare condition in which stimulation off one sense also evokes a sensation in the other
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synesthesia
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absoulte threshold
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the smallest quantity of physical energy that can be reliably detected by an observer
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diffrence threshold
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the smallest diffrence in stimulation that can be reliably detected by an observer when two stimuli are compared; just the noticeable diffrence (JND)
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a psychophysical theory that divides the detection of a sensory signal into a sensory process and a decision
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signal detection theory
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the reduction or disappearance of sensory responsiveness that occurs when stimulation is unchanging or repetitious
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sensory adaption
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sensory deprivation
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the absence of normal levels of sensory stimullation
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sensory attention
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the focusing attention on selected aspects of the enviorment and the blocking out of others
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inattentional blindness
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failure to consciously perceive something you are looking at because you are not attending to it
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hue
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the dimension of visual expereience specified by color names and related wavelength of light
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lightness or luminance; the dimension of visual experience related to the amount (intensity) light emitted from or reflected by an object
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brightness
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saturation
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vividness or purity of color; the dimension of visual experience realted to complexity of light waxes
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retina
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neural tissue lining the back of the eyeball's interior, which contains the receptors for vision
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rods
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visual receptors that respond to dim light
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visual receptors involved in color vision
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cones
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dark adaption
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a process by which visual recpetors become maximally sensitive to dim light
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neurons in the retina of the eye, which gather information from receptors
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ganglion cells
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cells in the visual cortex that are sensitive to specific features of the enviorment
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feature-detector cells
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trichromatic theory
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a theory of color perception that proposes three mechanisms in the visual system, each sensitive to certain range of wavelengths ; their interaction is assumed to produce all the diffrent expereience of hue
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opponent-process theory
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a theory of color perception that assumes that the visual system treats pairs of color as opposing or antagonistic
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gestalt principles
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principles that describe the brains organization of sensory information into meaningful units and patterns
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binocular cues
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visual cues to depthor distance requiring 2 eyes
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convergence
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the turning inward of the eyesy which occurs when they focus on a nearby object
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retinal disparity
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the slight diffrence in lateral seperation between two objects as seen by the left eye and the right eye
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monocular cues
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visual cues to depth or distance that can be used by one eye alone
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perceptual constancy
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the accurate perception of objects as stable or unchanged despite changes in the sensory patterns they produce
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loudness
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the dimension of auditory experience realted to the intensity of a pressure wave
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pitch
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the dimension of auditory experience related to the frequency of a pressure wave; it is related to the height or depth of a tone
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timbre
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the distinguishing quality of a sound; the dimension of auditory expereience related to the coplexity of the pressure wave
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organ of Corti
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a structure in the cohlea containing hair cells that serve as recpetors for hearing
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cochlea
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a snail shapped, fluid filled organ in the inner ear, cotaining the organ corti
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papiliae
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knoblike elevATIONS on the tounge, containing tASTE buds
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taste buds
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nests of taste receptor cells
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gATE -CONTROL theory
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the theory that the exxperience of pain depends in part on wheter pain impulses get past neurological gate in the spinal cord and thus reach the brain
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phanton pain
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the experiencce of pain in a missing limb or other body part
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kinesthesis
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the sense of body position and movement of the body parts
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equilibrium
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thee sense of balance
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semi circular canals
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sense organs in the inner ear,, which contribute to equilibrum by responding to rotation of the head
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perceptial set
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a habitual way of perceving based on expectaations
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