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42 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
sensation
the detection of physical energy emitted or reflected by phsyical objects
perception
the process by which the brain organizes and interprets sensory information
sense receptors
specialized cells that convert physical energy in the enviroment or the body to electrical energy that can be transmitted as nerve impulses to the brain
the prinicple that diffrent sensory modalities exsist because singnals received by the sense organs stimulate diffrent nerve pathways leading to diffrent areas of the brain
doctorine of specific nerve energies
a rare condition in which stimulation off one sense also evokes a sensation in the other
synesthesia
absoulte threshold
the smallest quantity of physical energy that can be reliably detected by an observer
diffrence threshold
the smallest diffrence in stimulation that can be reliably detected by an observer when two stimuli are compared; just the noticeable diffrence (JND)
a psychophysical theory that divides the detection of a sensory signal into a sensory process and a decision
signal detection theory
the reduction or disappearance of sensory responsiveness that occurs when stimulation is unchanging or repetitious
sensory adaption
sensory deprivation
the absence of normal levels of sensory stimullation
sensory attention
the focusing attention on selected aspects of the enviorment and the blocking out of others
inattentional blindness
failure to consciously perceive something you are looking at because you are not attending to it
hue
the dimension of visual expereience specified by color names and related wavelength of light
lightness or luminance; the dimension of visual experience related to the amount (intensity) light emitted from or reflected by an object
brightness
saturation
vividness or purity of color; the dimension of visual experience realted to complexity of light waxes
retina
neural tissue lining the back of the eyeball's interior, which contains the receptors for vision
rods
visual receptors that respond to dim light
visual receptors involved in color vision
cones
dark adaption
a process by which visual recpetors become maximally sensitive to dim light
neurons in the retina of the eye, which gather information from receptors
ganglion cells
cells in the visual cortex that are sensitive to specific features of the enviorment
feature-detector cells
trichromatic theory
a theory of color perception that proposes three mechanisms in the visual system, each sensitive to certain range of wavelengths ; their interaction is assumed to produce all the diffrent expereience of hue
opponent-process theory
a theory of color perception that assumes that the visual system treats pairs of color as opposing or antagonistic
gestalt principles
principles that describe the brains organization of sensory information into meaningful units and patterns
binocular cues
visual cues to depthor distance requiring 2 eyes
convergence
the turning inward of the eyesy which occurs when they focus on a nearby object
retinal disparity
the slight diffrence in lateral seperation between two objects as seen by the left eye and the right eye
monocular cues
visual cues to depth or distance that can be used by one eye alone
perceptual constancy
the accurate perception of objects as stable or unchanged despite changes in the sensory patterns they produce
loudness
the dimension of auditory experience realted to the intensity of a pressure wave
pitch
the dimension of auditory experience related to the frequency of a pressure wave; it is related to the height or depth of a tone
timbre
the distinguishing quality of a sound; the dimension of auditory expereience related to the coplexity of the pressure wave
organ of Corti
a structure in the cohlea containing hair cells that serve as recpetors for hearing
cochlea
a snail shapped, fluid filled organ in the inner ear, cotaining the organ corti
papiliae
knoblike elevATIONS on the tounge, containing tASTE buds
taste buds
nests of taste receptor cells
gATE -CONTROL theory
the theory that the exxperience of pain depends in part on wheter pain impulses get past neurological gate in the spinal cord and thus reach the brain
phanton pain
the experiencce of pain in a missing limb or other body part
kinesthesis
the sense of body position and movement of the body parts
equilibrium
thee sense of balance
semi circular canals
sense organs in the inner ear,, which contribute to equilibrum by responding to rotation of the head
perceptial set
a habitual way of perceving based on expectaations