Sensation And Perception

Front 1

Sensation

Back 1

The activation of receptors in the various sense organs.

Front 2

Sensory Receptors

Back 2

Specialized form of neurons.

Front 3

What are the 5 sense organs and their purposes?

Back 3

Eyes for sight, Ears for hearing, Nose for smelling, Skin for touch and Tongue for tasting. Tongue has different taste buds which named the following sweet, salty, sour, spicy, brothy and bitter.

Front 4

Sensory Thresholds

Back 4

Sense organs are sensitive to stimulation.

Front 5

Limin

Back 5

Means “threshold”; sublimin means “below the threshold”.

Front 6

What are the parts of the Eyes and their purposes?

Back 6

1. Cornea - bends light waves so the image can be focused on retina.
2. Iris - its muscles control the pupil size.
3. Pupil - iris opening that charges size depending on the amount of light in the environment.
4. Lens - changes shape to bring objects into focus.
5. Retina - contains photoelectric cells.
6. Blind spot/Optic disc - where the optic nerve leaves the eye. There are no photoreceptor cells here.
7. Optic nerve - sends visual information to the brain.

Front 7

What are the common Eye ailments and their causes and effects.

Back 7

1. Myopia/Nearsightedness - images are formed in front of the retina causing blurry vision at a distance.
2. Hyperopia/Farsightedness - images are formed at the back of the retina causing blurry vision at its nearby distances.
3. Astigmatism – the cornea is not curved properly.
4. Presbyopia – age-related visual problem.

Front 8

Dark adaptation

Back 8

The recovery of the eye’s sensitivity to visual stimuli in darkness after exposure to bright lights.

Front 9

Light adaptation

Back 9

The recovery of the eye’s sensitivity to visual stimuli in light after exposure to darkness.

Front 10

What are the causes of color blindness?

Back 10

1. Monochrome colorblindess - either have no cones or have cones that are not working at all.
2. Dichromat - either the red or the green cones are not working.
3. Sex-linked inheritance.

Front 11

What are the 3 ranges of hearing?

Back 11

1. Safest threshold range of hearing: 0 to 80 decibels (0 to 8 bels)
2. Dangerous range with prolonged exposure: 80 to 120 decibels (8 to 12 bels)
3. Range for immediate danger: 120 to 180 decibels (12 to 18 bels)

Front 12

Auditory canal

Back 12

Short tunnel that runs from the pinna to the eardrum (tympanic membrane).

Front 13

Eardrum

Back 13

Thin section of skin that tightly covers the opening into the middle part of the ear, just like a drum skin covers the opening in a drum.
When sound waves hit the eardrum, it vibrates and causes three tiny bones (which are the Hammer, Anvil and Stirrup) in the middle ear to vibrate.

Front 14

Taste buds

Back 14

Taste receptor cells in mouth; responsible for sense of taste.

Front 15

Gustation

Back 15

The sensation of a taste.

Front 16

What are the 6 basic tastes?

Back 16

1. Sweet (Matamis)
2. Sour (Maasim)
3. Salty (Maalat)
4. Spicy (Maanghang)
5. Bitter (Mapait)
6. Brothy (Matabang)

Front 17

Olfaction/Olfactory sense

Back 17

Sense of smell.

Front 18

Olfactory bulbs

Back 18

Areas of the brain located just above the sinus cavity and just below the frontal lobes that receive information from the olfactory receptor cells which have at least 1,000 olfactory receptors.

Front 19

Somesthetic senses

Back 19

The body senses consisting of the skin senses, the kinesthetic sense, and the vestibular senses. It derives from their respective Latin words, “Soma” which means body and “Esthetic” which means feeling.

Front 20

Skin senses

Back 20

The sensations of touch, pressure, temperature and pain which are the sensory receptors of the skin.

Front 21

Gate control theory

Back 21

Pain signals must pass through a “gate” located in the spinal cord.

Front 22

Anhidrosis

Back 22

A rare genetic disorder which is unable to feel the pain.

Front 23

Perception

Back 23

It is the process of organizing, integrating and giving meaning to sensory information. Gestalt psychologists believed that our brains follow a set of rules that specify how individual elements are to be organized into a meaningful pattern or perception.

Front 24

Similarity

Back 24

The tendency to perceive things that look similar to each other as being part of the same group.

Front 25

Proximity

Back 25

The tendency to perceive objects that are close to each other as part of the same grouping.

Front 26

Closure

Back 26

The tendency to complete figures that are incomplete.

Front 27

Continuity

Back 27

The tendency to perceive things as simply as possible with a continuous pattern rather than with a complex, broken-up pattern.

Front 28

Figure-Ground

Back 28

The tendency to perceive objects, or figures, as existing on a background.

Front 29

Reversible Figures

Back 29

Visual illusions in which the figure and ground can be reversed.

Front 30

Size constancy

Back 30

The tendency to interpret an object as always being the same actual size, regardless of its distance.

Front 31

Shape constancy

Back 31

The tendency to interpret the shape of an object as being constant, even when its shape changes on the retina.

Front 32

Brightness constancy

Back 32

The tendency to perceive the apparent brightness of an object as the same even when the light conditions change.

Front 33

Monocular cues/Pictorial depth

Back 33

Gives the illusion of depth.

Front 34

Linear Perspective

Back 34

Converging lines mean distance.

Front 35

Relative Size

Back 35

When objects that people expect to be of a certain size appear to be small and are, therefore assumed to be much farther away.

Front 36

Overlap

Back 36

If one object seems to be blocking another object, people assume that the blocked object is behind the first one therefore farther away.

Front 37

Aerial Perspective

Back 37

The farther away an object is, the hazier the object will appear to be.

Front 38

Texture Gradient

Back 38

This conveys pattern.

Front 39

The Cat (Slide 95)

Back 39

According to a research at Cambridge University, it doesn't matter in what order the letters in a word are, the only important thing is that the first and last letter be at the right place. The rest can be a total mess and you can still read it without problem. This is because the human mind does not read every letter by itself, but the word as a whole. Amazing huh?
Solos, R.

Front 40

Perceptual Set/Expectancy

Back 40

The tendency to perceive things a certain way because previous experiences or expectations influence those perceptions.