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123 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Which sea did the Greek warriors have to cross in order to attack Troy?
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The Aegean Sea
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What major city would the Spartan soldiers have to pass by in order to attack Athens?
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Corinth
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How far is Athens from Mt. Olympus?
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between 150 and 200 miles
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When Oedipus traveled from Corinth to Thebes, in what direction did he head?
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northeast
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The Mycenaean King lived in palaces protected by stone walls. What does this suggest about their culture?
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Warfare was probably common
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After the knowledge of writing was lost, how did the Greeks keep their culture alive?
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poems and songs about the past
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Greek tribal settlements evolved into city-states. What reason or reasons might be offered to explain why they did not unite into a single government?
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The areas were really far apart
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What Greek city-state emerged as the most powerful after the defeat of Persia?
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Athens
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What was the Peloponnesian War?
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A war between Athens and Sparta
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How far did the empire of Alexander the Great extend?
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through Persia, Egypt, and parts of India
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Describe the different types of people living in Sparta.
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Aristocrats, common folk, slaves, warriors, artists, and writers Women had more freedom than in Athens
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Describe the different types of people living in Athens.
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Aristocrats, common folk, slaves, warriors, artists, and writers Women's lives were not much better than slaves
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How is the religion of the Ancient Greeks different from that of the Jews, Christians, and Muslims?
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They had no sacred writings and they focused on the gods. They were polytheistic and they had no commandments
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How are the Olympian gods like human beings and how are they different?
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They showed love, hate, and jealousy and they competed with each other. Unlike human beings, they were immortal and lived forever
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What are some features of Athenian Democracy?
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1/5 of the population could participate in government, any citizen could be part of the assembly or submit laws for debate
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Who are the three greatest thinkers of Ancient Greece?
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Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle
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What are some of the events included in the Olympic Games?
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boxing, wrestling, the javelin and discus throws, and races
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What made the Greek language easy to use?
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They used letters to represent all the sounds in the Greek language
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What does the sculpture on page 170 tell us about Ancient Greece?
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They were very big on details and lifelike, skilled, and peaceful
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On what occasions did the Greeks dance?
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At religious rituals, victory celebrations, and festivals
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What form of literature is Homer associated with?
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epics
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How is a lyric poem different from an epic?
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An epic is long and lyrics are short and personal
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Who were the four major dramatists of ancient Greece?
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Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes
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What are the acropolis and the Parthenon?
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The Parthenon is a temple and the acropolis is the hill overlooking Athens
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What is a rhapsode?
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An entertainer
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Which came first, the Hindu Upanishads or Persians by Aeschylus?
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The Hindu Upanishads
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In what century did the Greek tragedians-Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides- write?
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5th century
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What war was in progress around the time that Oedipus the King was first performed?
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The Peloponnesian War
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Who died first, Confucius or Socrates?
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Confucius
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Which famous Greek philosophers were alive when the Indian epic Mahabharata was first written down?
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Aristotle and Plato
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What form of literature is Homer associated with?
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epics
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How is a lyric poem different from an epic?
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An epic is long and lyrics are short and personal
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Who were the four major dramatists of ancient Greece?
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Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, and Aristophanes
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What are the acropolis and the Parthenon?
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The Parthenon is a temple and the acropolis is the hill overlooking Athens
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What is a rhapsode?
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An entertainer
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Which came first, the Hindu Upanishads or Persians by Aeschylus?
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The Hindu Upanishads
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In what century did the Greek tragedians-Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides- write?
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5th century
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What war was in progress around the time that Oedipus the King was first performed?
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The Peloponnesian War
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Who died first, Confucius or Socrates?
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Confucius
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Which famous Greek philosophers were alive when the Indian epic Mahabharata was first written down?
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Aristotle and Plato
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Epic poems of Ancient Greece:
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Begins with an invocation to one of the Muses.
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What is an invocation?
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A prayer
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The muse is
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thought to be writing the poem through the poet
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Greek epics typically begin in medias res which means
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"In the middle of things"
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Epic poetry is written
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in elevated styles, which relies on long sentences and formal diction
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2 Instances of Conflict in the Iliad:
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1) Agamemnon refusing to give up the girl-Chryseis
2) Achilles fights to exhaustion, but Agamemnon always gets a larger share of the war prize |
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Epithets
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are short, descriptive phrases that point out a characteristic of a person or thing
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What are some examples of epithets?
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Apollo-"sleek-haired", Hera-"white-armed", and Achilles-"matchless runner"
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Which character traits do Agamemnon and Achilles have in common?
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They have an enormous sense of pride and they are both quick to take offense
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What do you learn about Priam?
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He's overcome with grief but determined to take Hector's corpse and Hector was clearly his favorite son
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Athena:
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had direct intervention with humans, makes herself visible to Achilles alone
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Niobe:
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Boasted to Leto because she had 12 children and Leto only had 2 children so Leto's 2 children killed all 12 of Niobe's children
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Achilles
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honors his sacred promise, if he had broken his promise, it would be sacreligious to the gods
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Andromache
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believes that her life is controlled by destiny- a common view of many Greeks
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Ransom
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was the usual way of insuring that the corpse of an important hero would be given back to his family
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Hades
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It was believed that the souls of the dead would descend to Hades or "house of the dead"
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Stabbing the corpse of Hector,
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Achilles and his men were violating religious customs by not treating Hector's corpse respectfully
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Priam
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assumes the position of someone begging for a favor, which is ironic because he's a king
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Being a host
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Achilles was a host to Priam- he had a sacred duty to be a good host to his guest
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Epic Simile on page 202:
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Achilles is compared to a hawk, swooping down for the kill
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page 204:
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Hector's inability to escape from Achilles is compared to a dream in which two rivals go on an endless chase
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Foreshadowing: "Achilles' Heel"
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Achilles' death
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All the Greek soldiers speak to Agamemnon. What do they want him to do?
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Return the girl and accept the ransom
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Agamemnon responds. What is his answer to Chryses?
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No, the girl will die in his house of old age
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Chryses prays to Apollo. What does he want Apollo to do?
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Bring a plague upon the Greeks
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Achilles suggests consulting a prophet. What does he want to learn?
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He wants to learn why Apollo is angry
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Calchas, a prophet, stands up and asks Achilles for protection. Why is he afraid?
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His answer will make Agamemnon angry
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What does Achilles promise to Calchas?
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He would defend him
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How does Calchas explain Apollo's anger?
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He warns them and gives them advice on how to be forgiven by Apollo
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Why is Agamemnon so angry at Calchas?
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Calchas told him to give up the girl and he doesn't want to
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What offer does Achilles make to Agamemnon?
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The Achaeans would pay him 4 times over if he would return the girl
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The argument becomes more personal. What does Agamemnon say he will do?
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He will take Achilles' prize-Briseis
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Achilles becomes enraged by Agamemnon's attitude. What does Achilles mean by saying the Trojans never did him any damage?
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They never stole his animals or crops
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What does Achilles threaten to do is Briseis is taken from him?
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He will take his men and go home
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Agamemnon responds by saying he does not care what Achilles does. What does Agamemnon say he will do?
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Take Achilles' prize
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How does Athena keep Achilles from attacking Agamemnon?
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She grabs him by the hair
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Athena says that she has been sent by Hera. What does she ask Achilles to do?
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Control his anger
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Why does Achilles say that a man should obey the gods?
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If they do, the gods will be quick to answer their prayers
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Achilles swears that the Greeks will miss him in the future. What will save the Greeks from Hector?
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Nothing
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Why does Nestor think the Trojans would "leap for joy" to hear the argument between Achilles and Agamemnon?
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They will think that the kingdom's going to fall apart and they won't have to worry about the Greeks anymore
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Nestor asks both men to yield. What does Nestor want Agamemnon to do?
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Let Achilles keep Briseis
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What makes Agamemnon more powerful than Achilles?
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He is a king and he rules over more men
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According to Agamemnon, what does Achilles want to do?
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Rule over all the people
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Describe the scene of family at the beginning of Book 6.
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Hector goes to visit his wife and child. They are happy to see him. Andromache pleads with him to stay in the city
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How is Eetion related to Andromache?
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Eetion is Andromache's father
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Why does Andromache want Hector to stay close to the city walls?
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She doesn't want him to get killed
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What impressions do you have of Hector up to this point?
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He is a family man, but also a warrior
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What bothers Hector the most when he thinks about dying?
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His wife will become a Greek slave
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Why is Hector's son afraid of his presence?
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He is terrified of his father in armor
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What does Hector hope for his son's future?
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That his son will be greater than he is
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What is Hector's view of fate?
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No human being can escape it
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Why are the Trojan women singing funeral songs at the end of Book 6?
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They are afraid that Hector will die in battle
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Hector is often referred to as "man-killing", is this a praise or a criticism?
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Praise
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What does Andromache mean when she calls Hector her father and mother and brother?
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He is the only family she has left
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Why are the Trojan women singing funeral songs?
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They know that Hector is going to die soon
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Why does Achilles return to battle?
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He wants to avenge the death of his friend, Patroclus, by killing Hector
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How does fate limit the powers of the gods?
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They cannot use their powers to change fate
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Is Hector's effort to run for safety cowardly?
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No
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Why does Hector start to run?
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He knows Achilles is going to try to kill him
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Which god is on Hector's side?
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Apollo
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Which god is on Achilles' side?
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Athena
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Explain Athena's trick.
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She goes to Hector as his brother, Deiphobus, and tells him to quit running and fight
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What human characteristics are exhibited by Athena on page 205?
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She shows favoritism, she is deceitful, and she lies
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If Hector wins the fight, he will honor the corpse of Achilles. What does this reveal about Hector?
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He's following the rules of conduct
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Compare and contrast Hector and Achilles in terms of how each one will treat the other after death.
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Hector will honor Achilles' corpse but Achilles will not. They will give the other's corpse back to the family
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Why is Hector so certain that he will die?
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The gods have called him to die and it's fate
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How does Achilles deliver the fatal blow?
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He stabs Hector in the throat with his spear
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What is Achilles planning to do with Hector's corpse?
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Leave it in the open air
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What request does the dying Hector make?
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Give his body back to his friends and let them take it back to Troy so that he can have a proper burial
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How does Achilles feel about the prospect of his own death?
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He doesn't care and he will meet death freely
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Why is Achilles so determined to shame the corpse of Hector?
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He has no respect for the Trojans
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Why are Priam and Achilles crying?
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Priam is grieving over the loss of his son, Hector, and Priam reminds Achilles of his father, Peleus, so he grieves
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How does Zeus distribute gifts from the two great jars?
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He makes people have either blessings or sorrow
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Compare and contrast the sorrows of Priam and Peleus.
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They both lost their sons. Priam has lost all 50 of his children, while Peleus has only lost 1
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Achilles is trying to comfort Priam. Why does he tell him to stop grieving?
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There is nothing he can do to bring Hector back to life
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Why won't Achilles allow Priam to see his son's corpse?
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He is afraid that if Priam sees Hector, he might get mad at Achilles and Achilles will harm him
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In what ways does Achilles act as a host?
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He gives Priam and his men food and drinks, gives them Hector's body, and gives them a place to sleep
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What does Achilles have to persuade Priam to do?
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Eat
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What does Niobe and Priam have in common?
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They had all of their children die
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Why do you think Achilles is being so kind to Priam?
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He feels guilty and he feels bad for him
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Why does Achilles tell Priam to sleep outside the tent?
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So if one of Achilles' men comes to the door, they won't see him
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What person does Cassandra see?
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Hector
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Describe the scene at the gates of Troy.
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All the men and women in Troy came out to meet Priam. His mother and wife came out and tore their hair and mourned
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