Semester Ii Neuroscience Meninges, Ventricles, Csf

Front 1

The meninges of the brain are _____ in origin.

Back 1

mesodermal

Front 2

The _____ or pachymenix is the thickest covering of the brain.

Back 2

dura matter

Front 3

The dura matter is 2 layered at sites of _____ and send ___ into the cranial cavity.

Back 3

dura venous sinuses, septa

Front 4

When the dura matter is 2 layered, the ____ attaches to the inner layer of the skull with no space, and the _____ is smooth, avascular and lined with mesothellium.

Back 4

external periosteal, inner meningeal

Front 5

The potential space between the dura and the skull is the ______.

Back 5

epidural

Front 6

The potential space between the dura matter and the arachnoid space is called the ____.

Back 6

subdural

Front 7

____ blood can potentially fill the epidural space, while ____ blood can potentially fill the subdural space.

Back 7

arteriole, venous

Front 8

The ____ is the septae that is sickle shaped and seperates cerebral hemispheres in longitudinal fissure.

Back 8

faix cerebri

Front 9

The ____ is the septae that lies in horizontal plane between the cerebellym caudally and the occipital lobe rostrally.

Back 9

tenorium cerebelli

Front 10

The cranial and brain area above the tentorium cerebelli are referred to as the ____, and contain the ____ and ____ cranial fossae.

Back 10

supratentorial, anterior middle

Front 11

The cranial and brain area below the tentorium cerebelli is reffered to as the _____, and contain the _____ cranial fossae.

Back 11

infratentorial, posterio

Front 12

The ____ cerebelli extends in midline from posterior surface of tentorium cerebelli, seperating the 2 cerebellar hemispheres.

Back 12

faix cerebelli

Front 13

The septae function to ____.

Back 13

reduce/prevent brain displacement with head movements

Front 14

The ____ artery is the most important arterial supply of dura matter.

Back 14

middle meningeal artery

Front 15

The middle menengieal artery is a branch of the ____ and enters the middle cranial fossa through the ____.

Back 15

maxillary artery, foramen spinosoum

Front 16

The _____ is the only structure inside the cranium that is sensitive to pain.

Back 16

dura matter

Front 17

The supratentoial dura is supplied by the _____ nerve, while the the infratentorial dura is supplied by branches of the vagus and _____ spinal nerves.

Back 17

trigeminal, C1-C3

Front 18

The arachnoid ____ drains the CSF from the subarachnoid space into dural venous sinuses.

Back 18

villi (one way valves)

Front 19

Enlarged spaces in the subarachnoid spaces are called ____.

Back 19

cisterns

Front 20

The leptomeninges is composed of the ____ and ____.

Back 20

arachnoid, pia

Front 21

The ____ is thought to serve as a channel for CSF movement into the brain tissue.

Back 21

perivascular space (pia participating with arachnoid)

Front 22

The spinal dura matter ends at ___ vertebral level forming the _____.

Back 22

S2, filum terminale externum

Front 23

____ dura is single layered and lacks periosteal layer, and is has an actual epidural space.

Back 23

spinal

Front 24

Spinal epidural space lies between ____ and _____ layer of dura.

Back 24

vertebral periosteum, meningeal

Front 25

A convex bleed is a _____, a concave bleed is a _____, and a bleeding within the cistern areas is a ____.

Back 25

epidural, subdural, subarachnoid( venous or artery)

Front 26

The choroid plexus is made up of the _____, _____, and _____.

Back 26

fenestrated endothelial layer of choroid cappilary wall, pia membrane, choroid epithelial cells (tight junction)

Front 27

The choroid epithelial cells with tight junction form a barrier btwn the ____ and _____.

Back 27

CSF, blood

Front 28

The _____ are 7 structures in CNS lacking BBB, and serve as _____.

Back 28

circumventricular organs, channels for transporting large hormonal molecules to target organs in brain (3rd ventricle)

Front 29

___ and ___ are actively transported into the CSF and ____ and ____ are removed.

Back 29

Na+, Mg2+; K+, Ca2+

Front 30

The ___ effect reduces traction on brain and spinal cord exerted by nerves and vessels.

Back 30

buoyancy

Front 31

The ____ effect dampens impact of trauma and violent movements on the brain and spinal cord.

Back 31

cushion (buffer)

Front 32

The ____ effect serves to remove metabolites from the CNS.

Back 32

catabolic

Front 33

The ___ effect circulate neuroactive hormones or drugs that cross BBB.

Back 33

transport

Front 34

The ____ effect provides stable ionic environment for the CNS.

Back 34

ionic

Front 35

CSF contains ____ protein, ____ glucose, K+, and Ca++, and _____ Na+, Cl-, and Mg++ when compared to the blood serum

Back 35

very little, slightly less, slightly greater

Front 36

Turbid and xanthrochromia CSF indicate _____ and ____, respectively.

Back 36

acute bacterial meningitis, subarachnoid bleeding

Front 37

Glucose is ____ in acute bacterial meningitis and chronic fungal CNS, and ____ in viral infections.

Back 37

low, normal

Front 38

High albumin levels and high gama globulin levels in CSF are scene in _____ and ____, respectively.

Back 38

acute bacterial meningitis, MS

Front 39

____ hyrdocephalus is when CSF flow into dura venous sinuses is impeded in subarachnoid space or by obstruction at level of arachnoid villi.

Back 39

communincating

Front 40

_____ hydrocephalus is when CSF flow is obstructed anywhere within the ventricles and subarachnoid space.

Back 40

non communicating

Front 41

____ is due to stretching of cranial nociceptor mechanism.

Back 41

headaches

Front 42

___ is due to activation of chemoreceptor trigger zones in area postrema.

Back 42

nausea

Front 43

____ is due to activation of emetic trigger zones in medulla.

Back 43

vomiting

Front 44

_____ is secondary to drop in cardia output slowing of heart rate caused by pressure on cardiotonic nuclei in medulla.

Back 44

dizziness

Front 45

_____ with or without poor motor coordination is due to pressure on motor cortex as well as cerebellar cortex.

Back 45

motor weakness

Front 46

____ is dues to pressure on brain stem reticular activating reticular nuceli.

Back 46

coma/ loss consciousnes

Front 47

In raised ICP, bradycardia is due to pressure on _____ nuceli in the ____.

Back 47

cardiotonic, medulla

Front 48

In raised ICP, hypertension is due to activation of _____ nuceli in the ____.

Back 48

preganglionic (in cardiotonic zones), medulla

Front 49

In raised ICP, areflexia is due to pressure on _____.

Back 49

spinal motor neurons in spinal cord

Front 50

In raised ICP, papillodema is due to raised intraocular pressure in ______ space along ____ nerve.

Back 50

subarachnoid, optic