Semester Ii Mini I Physio: Renal Handling Of Na, Cl, And Water

Front 1

The ____ is considered the mass reabsorber of the kidneys.

Back 1

Proximal tubule

Front 2

A constant 60-70% of the filtered load is reabsorbed in the ____.

Back 2

proximal tubule

Front 3

Tubular fluid entering and leaving the proximal convoluted tubule is ____ to the plasma.

Back 3

isotonic

Front 4

The loop of henle reabsords ____% with fluid leaving ____ to the plasma.

Back 4

10-25%, hypotonic

Front 5

The distal tubule reabsorbs ___ salt than water, and the fluid leaving is ____ to the plasma.

Back 5

more, hypotonic

Front 6

The collecting duct is _____ to salt and water.

Back 6

minimally

Front 7

The ____ is the major site of regulation of salt and water reasbsorption.

Back 7

collecting duct

Front 8

The ____ utilizes the extracellular osmolarity gradient produced by the _____ to reabsorb water in the presence of antidiuretic hormone,

Back 8

collecting duct, loop of henle

Front 9

The ____ pathway is reabsorption between cells and occurs by _____ in response to concentrations and electrical gradients, as well as through ____.

Back 9

paracellular, simple diffusion, bulk flow

Front 10

The ____ pathway refers to movement of molecules accross cell membranes via ______ and _____.

Back 10

transcellular (apical and basolateral), carrier, channels

Front 11

Transepithelial transport of sodium is due to a combination of ____ and ____. (S1, PCT)

Back 11

transcellular, paracellular

Front 12

On the ____ membrane sodium influx is coupled with other molecules.(S1, PCT)

Back 12

apical (creates negative lumen)

Front 13

On the basolateral membrane sodium is moved ____ of the cell through _____. (PCT)

Back 13

out, Na-K ATPase (enables apical influx)

Front 14

In early portions of the proximal tubule the lumens ____ potenital causes Na+ to move paracellularly _____.

Back 14

negative, outward (blood to lumen)

Front 15

In S3 of the proximal tubule the lumens _____ potential from ____ reabsorption causes Na+ to move from _____ to _____.

Back 15

positve, Cl-, lumen, blood

Front 16

Chloride is primarily reabsorbed via a paracellular pathway in the ____ of the PCT because of the lumen-____ voltage resulting from _____ reabsorption.

Back 16

S1, negative, Na+

Front 17

_____ reabsorption of chloride dominates in the _____ of the proximal tubule.

Back 17

trancellular, S3

Front 18

Chloride influx occurs on the ____ membrane via coupling with cellular _____. (S3)

Back 18

apical, anions (HCO3-)

Front 19

Chloride efflux occurs on the ____ membrane via _____ and _____.

Back 19

basolateral, Cl channels and K+/Cl- cotransporter

Front 20

When Na is reabsorbed ______ happens so the TF/P for Na changes ____.

Back 20

water follow, changes little

Front 21

The TF/P ratio for Cl- ______ along the early proximal tubule because it is dependent on _____.

Back 21

increases, voltage gradient supplied by Na+

Front 22

The TF/P ratio of bicarbonate, amino acids, and glucose _____ as Na+ is reabsorbed.

Back 22

decrease

Front 23

The descending limb is _____ to Na and Cl.

Back 23

minimally permeable

Front 24

The thick ascending limb ____ Na and Cl via the _____ located on the apical membrane.

Back 24

reabsorbs, Na/K/Cl tritransporter (also Na through Na-H exchanger and paracellular and paracellular)

Front 25

In the thick ascending limb Na is ____ though the Na/K/Cl tritransport and the _____, as well as through ____ pathways.

Back 25

reabsorbed, Na-H exchange, paracellular (apical)

Front 26

Sodium leaves the basolateral side of the thick ascending limb via the ____ and Cl leaves via the ____, and reenters via ____.

Back 26

Na-K ATPase, Cl channels, exchange with bicarbonate

Front 27

In the distal convoluted tubule, Na and Cl are _____ by the _____ cotransporter.

Back 27

reabsorbed, Na/Cl cotransporter

Front 28

In the collecting duct ____ cells utilize an ____ channel on their apical membrane and a _____ on their basolateral membrane to reabsorb ____.

Back 28

epithelial Na- channel, Na-K ATPase

Front 29

In the collecting duct ____ opens up _____ channels and the activity of _____ to reabsorb Na.

Back 29

aldosterone, Na, Na-K ATpase

Front 30

Because of Na _____, a negative transepithelial voltage gradient is generated across the principle cells, which facilitates ____ reaborption via paracellular diffusion.

Back 30

negative, chloride

Front 31

In the _______ cells chloride is reabsorbed trascellular utilizing cl/HCO3 exchanger in the ____ membrane and Cl channels in the ____ membrane.

Back 31

beta-intercalated cells (collecting duct), apical, basolateral

Front 32

Water reabsorption in the proximal tubule depends on _____ and _____.

Back 32

Na reabsorption (AQP1), Starling-forces (high oncotic pressure in peritubular capps)

Front 33

Minimal water reabsorption occurs in the distal nephron unless ____ is present.

Back 33

ADH (AQP2 collecting duct)

Front 34

In the _____ reabsorption of Na and water can be regulated independently.

Back 34

collecting duct

Front 35

The ability of the proximal tubule to reabsorb a constant proportion of the filtered Na is called ______.

Back 35

glomerulotubuler balance (Due to GFR on starling forces across peritubular caps)

Front 36

_____, ____ and ____ increase Na retention.

Back 36

Aldosterone, Sympathetic nerve stimulation, ADH

Front 37

Factors decreasing Na retention are ____ and ____.

Back 37

ANP/BNP, prostoglandins

Front 38

Aldosterone has a greater effect on the _____, and increases ____ in apical membrane and _____ activity in the basolateral membrane.

Back 38

cortical collecting duct, ENaC, Na-K ATPase

Front 39

Sympathetic stimulation reduces _____ via ____ receptors, stimulates ___ release via _____ receptors on granular cells, and directly by stimulating ____ and ___ via ___ receptors.

Back 39

RPF and GFR (afferent arteriole constriction), alpha 1, renin, beta 1, Na/H exchangers, Na-K ATPase, alpha 1

Front 40

ADH direct effect on Na reabsorption is through activating ____ in the loop of henle and ____ on the apical membrane of principle cells.

Back 40

Na/K/Cl tritransporter, Na channels

Front 41

ANP and BNP decrease Na reabsorption through _____ which increases RPF and GFR, and inhibiting Na reabsorption in ____ cells.

Back 41

vasodilation renal arterioles, collecting duct

Front 42

Prostoglandins _____ Na retention by _____.

Back 42

decrease, vasodilation that increases RPF and GFR