Semester I Mini Iii Physiology

Front 1

The preload is the end ____ presure, while the after load is the _____ presure.

Back 1

diastolic, aortic

Front 2

As the heart relaxes, the mitral valve opens as soon as the pressure in the left _____ is greater than the pressure in the left _____.

Back 2

atrium, ventricle

Front 3

As the ventricle continues to ____, the rate of blood flow into the ventricle is high.

Back 3

relax

Front 4

The period of low ventricular filling is called ____.

Back 4

diastasis

Front 5

Toward the end of ____, the atrium contracts.

Back 5

diastasis

Front 6

The mitral valve closes when as the ______ begins to contract and pressure rises.

Back 6

ventricle

Front 7

The aortic valve does not open until pressure in the _____ exceeds the pressure in the ______.

Back 7

ventricle, aorta

Front 8

_____ is the time that both mitral and aortic valves are closed and the volume of the ventricle is filled and cannot change.

Back 8

isovolumetric contraction

Front 9

The blood in the ventricle during isovolumetric contraction is known as the _______.

Back 9

end diastolic volume

Front 10

_____ represents ventricular filling and a brief period just prior to filling at which time the ventricles are relaxing.

Back 10

diastole

Front 11

_____ represents the time of contraction and ejection of blood from the ventricles

Back 11

systole

Front 12

The start ventricular volume of about 50 ml is known as the _____.

Back 12

end systolic volume

Front 13

When the pressure in the _____ exceeds the pressure in the _____ , the aortic valve opens.

Back 13

ventricle, aorta

Front 14

Blood still flows from the ventricle to the aorta, even though the ventricle has less pressure, do to the ____.

Back 14

Bernoulli effect

Front 15

Just as the _____ closes there is a little reflux of blood into the ventricle.
The kinetic energy of this reflux of blood is converted into a pressure wave that increases the pressure in the aorta producing the ____.

Back 15

aortic valve, dicrotic notch

Front 16

_____ is the time that both mitral and aortic valves are closed and the volume of the ventricle is low and cannot change.

Back 16

isometric relaxation

Front 17

60sec/heart rate= ____

Back 17

length of the cardiac cycle (period)

Front 18

S1 (lub) = vibrations from closure of ____ and ____ valves .

Back 18

mitral, tricuspid

Front 19

S2 (dub) = vibrations from closure of ____ and ____ valves.

Back 19

aortic, pulmonary

Front 20

As heart rate increases, the period of the cardiac cycle _____.

Back 20

decreases

Front 21

As heart rate increases, the length of ____ in diastole is most reduced.

Back 21

diastasis

Front 22

At high heart rates and in cases of cardiac disease, ____ contraction becomes important with up to ___% of the stroke volume entering during its systole.

Back 22

atrial, 40%

Front 23

_____ is the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in one minute.

Back 23

cardiac output

Front 24

____ is the volume of blood pumped by one ventricle in one beat.

Back 24

stroke volume

Front 25

Cardiac output= ____ x ____

Back 25

stroke volume, heart rate

Front 26

Stroke volume = ____ - _____

Back 26

end diastolic volume, end systolic volume

Front 27

Ejection fraction is used to measure the efficieny of the heart by estimating the function of the ____.

Back 27

left ventricle

Front 28

Ejection fraction is equal to the _____/ ______.

Back 28

stroke volume, end diastolic volume

Front 29

A normal ejection fraction is above ____%.

Back 29

55

Front 30

_______ is used to determine the EDV and ESV.

Back 30

two dimension echocardiography

Front 31

_______ is used to determine velocity of blood, obstructions, or narrowing of vessels / valves.

Back 31

doppler ultrasound

Front 32

_______ can measure pressures in the various vessels and chambers (systemic veins, RA & RV)

Back 32

cardiac catherization

Front 33

If the heart becomes enlarged, even if the amount of blood being pumped by the left ventricle remains the same, the relative fraction of blood being ejected _____.

Back 33

decreases

Front 34

The pressure in the pulmonary veins or left atrium is approximated by the _____ pressure.

Back 34

wedge

Front 35

A wedge pressure exceeding 15 mmHg suggests _____, ______, ______, _____, ______ or other cardiac defects.

Back 35

mitral stenosis, mitral insufficiency, severe aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, left ventricular failure

Front 36

______ is narrowing of the mitral valve, prevents proper opening during diastolic filling.

Back 36

mitral stenosis

Front 37

_____ is incomplete closure of the mitral valve resulting in the backflow of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium of the heart.

Back 37

mitral insuficiency

Front 38

_____ is narrowing of the aortic valve, reducing blood flow into the aorta.

Back 38

Severe aortic stenosis

Front 39

_______ occurs when the aortic valve does not close tightly, allowing backflow of blood into the LV.

Back 39

aortic regurgitation

Front 40

_____ is when the heart loses its ability to pump blood efficiently, leading to fluid build up in the lungs due to congestion of the veins of the lungs.

Back 40

left ventricular failure

Front 41

Contraction of the spiral layer draws the _____ and _____ valves toward the ____ of the heart.

Back 41

mitraltricuspidapex

Front 42

The more powerful circular muscle layer of the heart _____ the heart.

Back 42

compresses

Front 43

Contraction of the _____ causes the septum to bulge into the right ventricle,
aiding in RV pumping action

Back 43

LV

Front 44

______ is the maximum end diastolic volume.

Back 44

Maximum ventricular volume

Front 45

______ is the difference between the stroke volume at some point in time and the maximum stroke volume.

Back 45

Reserve volume

Front 46

_______ is the end diastolic volume after a maximal contraction. This might be obtained from a heart treated with norepinephrine.

Back 46

Residual volume