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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gastrointestinal Tract
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GI tract
Digestive tract Alimentary canal Consists of organs that form a tube-like passage through the body cavities extending from the mouth to the anus |
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Gastrointestinal Tract
organs |
Mouth
Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Intestines (bowel) Small Large Anus |
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Gastrointestinal Tract
Accessory organs |
Salivary glands
Liver Gallbladder Pancreas |
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Gastrointestinal Tract
Functions |
Digestion
Absorption Excretion |
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Ingestion
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process by which foods and fluids are taken into the body
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Digestion
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Mechanical and chemical process by which food is broken down and converted into an absorbable form
Conversion of food into a usable form |
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Absorption
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Transfer of digested food ionto the bloodstream and the utilization by the body
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Peristalsis
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Wavelike movement created by muscle fibers that propels the contents through the GI tract
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Excretion
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Elimination of unusable and indigested end products of digestion
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Digestion
Process |
Mouth
Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine |
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Digestion Process
Mouth |
Mastication (chewing)
Saliva lubricates food enzymes begin breakdown of starches; enzymes are catalysts that speed up a chemical reaction |
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Digestion Process
Pharynx |
Nsaopharynx - upper part; area of throat
Oropharynx - middle; mouth to throat Laryngopharynx - lowest area; level of throat that opens up to 2 areas |
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Digestion Process
Esophagus |
Muscular tube
Carries food to the stomach Noted for peristalsis |
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Digestion Process
Stomach |
Prefix for stomach is gastro
Known as storage reservoir see sheet: Parts: cardiac sphincter fundus greater curvature lesser curvature Body Pyloric sphincter Rugae |
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Digestion Process
Small Intestine |
Prefix for small intestine is entero
organ of digestion Duodenum - most proximal portion Jejunum - middle portion Ileum - distal portion of small intestine |
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Digestion Process
Large Intestine |
Colon or colo-
Cecum - proximal part; known as the ?lide pouch; Appendix comes of f the cecum Colon - Ascending colon - right side Transverse colon - across Descending colon - down left side (Sigmoid colon is shape of the large intestine) Rectum |
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Digestion Process
Accessory organs - Salivary glands |
Parotid glands
Submandibular glands - located near the body of the mandible Sublingual glands - underneath the tongue Salivary glands produce saliva and aid in dissolving food which helps facilitate (make easier) chewing Produces enzymes for chemical digestion |
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Digestion Process
Accessory Organs - Liver |
prefix is hepar- or hepato-
Largest internal organ of the body On right side of the body Digestive function - produces bile to break down fats Essential for metabolism of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates |
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Digestion Process
Accessory Organs - Gallbladder |
Prefix is chole- or cholecyst-
On right side of the body under the liver Stores the bile contracts during digestion to expel bile into the duodenum (proximal portion of the small intestine) |
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Digestion Process
Accessory Organs - pancrease |
on left side of the body behind the stomach
Secretes digestive enzymes that flow into the duodenum as the Papilla of Vater Contains cells in the Islet of Langerhans that secrete insulin which is necessary for sugar metabolism |
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Defecation
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Bowel movement
Evacuation or emptying of bowels |
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Flatus
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Gas formed in GI tract during digestion
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Feces
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Stool
Excrement Body waste containing water, mucus, bacteria, and food residue Melana: melanorrhea - black, tarry stools hematochezia - bright red blood in the stools - from hemorrhoids or colitis Clay colored stool |
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Constipation
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infrequent evacuation of feces
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Diarrhea
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Abnormally frequent and liquid stools
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diagnostic Studies
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Upper GI series
Lower GI series - (barium enema) Gastric analysis Endoscopic Procedures: scopy - procedure; scope - tool esophagoscopy gastroscopy colonoscopy sigmoidoscopy Stool cultures |
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Gingivitis
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inflammation of the gums
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Stomatitis
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inflammation of themouth
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Glossitis
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inflammation of the tongue
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Pyorrhea Alveolus
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Inflammation of the tooth socket with pus
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Cheilitis
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Inflammation of the lips
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Dental caries
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Tooth decay
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Periodontal disease
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Disease around the teeth
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Hiatus hernia
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Defect in the diaphragm that permits a portion of the stomach to go through the diaphragm
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Esophagela Varices
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Dilated veins in the esophagus
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Gastritis
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inflammation of the stomach
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Gastroenteritis
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Inflammation of the astomach and intestine
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Peptic Ulcer
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Open sore on the lining of the stomach caused by too much peptic acid
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