Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Lithosphere
|
Earth’s interior. The Earth’s solid surface to include continental and oceanic crust and the upper mantle
|
|
|
Hydrosphere
|
Includes all of the water (solid, gas & liquid) on the Earth
|
|
|
Atmosphere
|
The gaseous layer that surrounds the Earth. It protects us from Ultra Violet Rays
|
|
|
Biosphere
|
All life on Earth to include plants, animals and man
|
|
|
Anthrosphere
|
Human construction (everything we build)
|
|
|
Ecology
|
The study of organisms and their interactions with their environment (abiotic and biotic factors) upon which determine distribution and abundance of the organisms
|
|
|
Distribution
|
The area a species inhabits
|
|
|
Abundance
|
The amount or number of a species in a community
|
|
|
Environment
|
Surroundings of an organism with which it interacts to include biotic and abiotic factors
|
|
|
Energy Flow
|
The flow of energy through an ecosystem
|
|
|
Cycles
|
The cyclic motion of matter through an ecosystem
|
|
|
Diversity
|
The variety of biotic and abiotic factors within an ecosystem
|
|
|
Community
|
a collection of populations of different species, interacting with one another
|
|
|
Interrelationships
|
Interaction of organisms with one another and their surroundings
|
|
|
Change
|
Biotic and abiotic factors that continually change due to interactions
|
|
|
Adaptation
|
The ability of living organisms to cope with environmental change which then can be passed on to future generations
|
|
|
Evaporation
|
Heating of surface water to water vapor
|
|
|
Condensation
|
Cooling of water vapor within the clouds
|
|
|
Precipitation
|
The release of water from the clouds
|
|
|
Infiltration
|
The movement of water into the ground
|
|
|
Runoff
|
The movement of water on the surface of the ground
|
|
|
Ground Water
|
The movement of water within the ground
|
|
|
Evapotranspiration
|
Release of water vapor from plants
|
|
|
System
|
A set of parts that interact/work with each other
|
|
|
Autotroph
|
An organism that makes its own food
|
|
|
Producer
|
An organism that makes its own food
|
|
|
Photosynthesis
|
Conversion of sun’s energy to food energy
|
|
|
Consumer
|
Organism which obtains its energy by the consumption of other organisms
|
|
|
Heterotroph
|
Organism which obtains its energy by the consumption of other organisms
|
|
|
Cellular Respiration
|
Process by which chemical bonds (food/ glusose energy) are converted to usable energy
|
|
|
Primary Consumer
|
Herbivore/plant eater
|
|
|
Secondary Consumer
|
Second consumer in a food chain/food web
|
|
|
Tertiary Consumer
|
Third consumer in a food chain/food web
|
|
|
Decomposer
|
Organism which obtains its energy from dead or decaying organisms, thus returning nutrients into the soil
|
|
|
Food Chain
|
A pathway in which energy flows through an ecosystem
|
|
|
Food Web
|
All possible pathways in which energy flows through an ecosystem
|
|
|
Energy Pyramid
|
Graphical representation to show the relationship between energy and trophic levels of a given ecosystem
|
|
|
power
|
work performed in a certain period of time
|
|
|
Herbivore
|
Plant eater
|
|
|
Omnivore
|
Meat and plant eater
|
|
|
Carnivore
|
Meat eater
|
|
|
Trophic Level
|
The position that an organism occupies in a food chain - what it eats, and what eats it
|
|
|
Water Cycle
|
the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the surface of the Earth
|
|
|
Biotic
|
Living or once living
|
|
|
Abiotic
|
Nonliving
|
|
|
Niche
|
The role of an organism within an ecosystem
|
|
|
Habitat
|
An organism’s home/address
|
|
|
Nitrogen fixing bacteria
|
Oranism that change nitrogen gas to nitrates
|
|
|
Proteins
|
Major building block of all organisms
|
|
|
Ntrite bacteria
|
Organisms that change ammonia to nitrate
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Biome
|
A large geographical area of distinctive plant and animal groups, which are adapted to that particular environment
|
|
|
Predator
|
An organism that feeds on what it hunts and kills
|
|
|
Prey
|
A species that is hunted and killed for food
|
|
|
Scavenger
|
A species that feeds off of dead organisms that they did not hunt or kill themselves
|
|
|
Tundra
|
an area where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons
|
|
|
fecal coliform
|
the bacteria present in the intestines of warm blooded organisms
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
generator
|
converts mechanical energy to electrical energy (parts: magnet and coil of wire)
|
|
|
Desert
|
region that receives very little precipitation (less than grasslands)
|
|
|
Symbiosis
|
A close relationship between two different types of organisms
|
|
|
Mutualism
|
A close relationship where both organisms benefit
|
|
|
Commensalism
|
A close relationship where one organism benefits and the other remains unharmed
|
|
|
Parasitism
|
The close relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed
|
|
|
Population
|
organisms of a particular species, living in a given geographic area
|
|
|
Species
|
a group of the same organisms that are able to reproduce naturally to produce fertile offspring
|
|
|
Ecosystem
|
An interacting system that consists of both biotic and abiotic factors (i.e. pond, forest, etc.)
|
|
|
Succession
|
Series of changes in a community over time
|
|
|
Global Warming
|
Increase in the Earth’s average temperature
|
|
|
Global Climate Change
|
Change in average weather conditions in a region over a long period of time
|
|
|
Deciduous
|
Loss of leaves on trees/shrubs to prevent water/nutrient loss during winter
|
|
|
Topography
|
The study of Earth land forms
|
|
|
Contour Line
|
A line on a map that connects points of equal elevation
|
|
|
Contour Interval
|
The distance in elevation between two contour lines
|
|
|
Slope
|
The steepness of the land
|
|
|
Elevation
|
The height of the land above some point
|
|
|
Aspect
|
The compass direction toward which the land slopes
|
|
|
Ridge
|
A line of higher elevation
|
|
|
Divide
|
Ridge separating two watersheds
|
|
|
Stream
|
a body of water with a detectable current, confined within a bed and banks
|
|
|
Headwater
|
The original point from which the river flows
|
|
|
Mouth
|
The end point to which a river flows out of
|
|
|
Watershed
|
The land area from which surface runoff and groundwater flows into a particular river, lake, stream, pond, or other body of water
|
|
|
Impervious
|
Solid surface (groundcover) in which water cannot pass, i.e. asphalt
|
|
|
First Order Stream
|
Primary tributary in a river system
|
|
|
Dissolved Oxygen
|
The amount of oxygen dissolved in water
|
|
|
Biochemical Oxygen Demand
|
Amount of oxygen needed for decomposition by decomposers
|
|
|
Fecal Coliform
|
the bacteria present in the intestines of warm-blooded organisms
|
|
|
pH
|
The measurement of H+ ions in a solution
|
|
|
Temperature
|
The measurement of heat within the water
|
|
|
Nitrate
|
The amount of nitrates in the water
|
|
|
Phosphates
|
The amount of phosphates in the water
|
|
|
Turbidity
|
The cloudiness of the water
|
|
|
Total solids
|
suspended and dissolved solids in the water
|
|
|
Overall Water Quality Index
|
Combinaion of all water tests to indicate water quality
|
|
|
Macroinvertebrates
|
Organisms without a backbone which can be viewed with the unaided eye
|
|
|
Energy
|
The ability to do work or transfer heat
|
|
|
Work
|
Work is done on an object when the object is forced to move. Work equals force times distance
|
|
|
Potential Energy
|
Stored energy
|
|
|
Kinetic Energy
|
Energy in motion
|
|
|
Heat
|
The total energy of the particles in an object
|
|
|
Radiant
|
The energy associated with waves of light
|
|
|
Mechanical
|
The energy associated with the motion or position of an object
|
|
|
Chemical
|
The potential energy stored in chemical bonds that hold chemical compounds together
|
|
|
Electrical
|
The energy associated with moving electric charges
|
|
|
Nuclear
|
The potential energy associated with the nucleus of an atom
|
|
|
First Law of Thermodynamics
|
Energy cannot be created nor destroyed, it can only change form
|
|
|
Second Law of Thermodynamics
|
When energy is changed from one form to another, some energy is always lost as heat. 100% of energy cannot be converted into useful work
|
|
|
Entropy
|
law of disorder
|
|
|
Turbine
|
A device that uses mechanical energy to turn a generator
|
|
|
Generator
|
Converts mechanical energy to electrical energy (parts: magnet and coil of wire)
|
|
|
Renewable
|
Resources that can be replenished rapidly (hours to decades)
|
|
|
Nonrenewable
|
Resources that would take millions to billions of years to replenish
|
|
|
conductor
|
allows electrons to flow through it
|
|
|
INSULATOR
|
Does not allow electrons to follow through it
|
