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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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background- pregnancy prevention
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62% of sexually active women use some form of birth control
50% of pregnancies are unplanned Pregnancy occurs in 85% of females who participate in unprotected intercourse 78% of teenage pregnancies are unintended |
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types of contraception methods used by US women
(15 to 44 ) varies by age |
female sterilization = 27%
male sterilization = 9% oral contraception = 31 % inj, imp, patch =9% condom = 18% all other = 8% |
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background- STI's
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15 million infected annually
65 million currently infected High rate in individuals <25 yrs Public health protection |
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etiology- pregnancy prevention
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Highest chance of pregnancy:
5 Days prior to ovulation including ovulation 5- 45% chance of fertilization during this 6-day window |
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etiology- STI's
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STIs affect both men and women
Women have a higher likelihood of reproductive complications 20% of 15-19 year olds did not use any contraception during their first sexual encounter Refer to Table 10-2, not on exam. |
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goals of contraceptive care
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Prevention of unintended pregnancies
Prevention of STIs Recommend a tolerable option for patients Key Focus--> Compliance Willingness of use |
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prevention strategies
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Refer to Table 10-3
Abstain from sexual activity Avoid intercourse with an individual having multiple sex partners Use a new condom with each sexual activity Monogamous relationship Discuss sexual experiences Utilize safe and effective contraceptive methods |
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Natural methods
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Natural family planning (NFP)
Calendar method Basal body temperature Cervical mucus method Symptothermal method |
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Calender method
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Record of monthly menstrual cycle lengths
-- fertile days |
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Basal body temperature (BBT)
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Charting body temperature every morning
BBT drops 12-24 hrs before ovulation At ovulation, the BBT rises by approximately 0.4°F |
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Cervical mucus method
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Consistency or quantity, everyday from cycle to cycle.
5-6 days prior to ovulation increase quantity and elasticity of patients cervical mucus, indication that patient may ovulate. Similar consistency to raw egg white, put in btw fingers mucus should stretch not separate- elasticity. |
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Symptothermal method
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Combination of BBT and cervical mucous method
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Lactational Amenorrhea Method (LAM)
Use of Breastfeeding as a method of contraception |
Patient is not having menstrual periods.
Breastfeeding regularly/no supplementation. Pumping will not provide same efficacy. Within the first 6 months post partum. 6 months after delivery. Typical failure rate: 25%. |
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All Barrier options provide STI/STD protection.
Myth or Fact? |
myth
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barrier options
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Male Condoms
Female Condoms Sponge Spermicides Diaphragm and Cervical Caps |
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male condoms
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% Failure rate with typical use= 15%
Multiple types Latex Polyurethane Spermicide-treated condoms Reasons for breakage Overexposure to heat and environment- not advised Typical shelf-life= 3-5 years Possibility for latex allergy |
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male condoms
reason for breakage |
incorrect placement of condom, reusing of condom, use of oil base lubricant-vaseline, increased duration frequency or intensity , prior history of breakage.
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female condoms
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F.C. female condom
Polyurethane, pre-lubricated % Failure rate with typical use=21% May be inserted up to 8 hours prior to intercourse AVOID combined use of male and female condoms |
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sponge
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Today sponge
Barrier Spermicide Absorbing semen % Failure rate with typical use=16-32% Product considerations Insertion Removal Potential risk of toxic shock syndrome Cannot be used during menses |
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sponge
additional info: |
NO STD protection.
Can be inserted 24 hours prior to intercourse, remain in place for 6 hours after intercourse. Total time in= 30hours. Longer than 30 hours- toxic shock symdrome. |
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spermicides
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--Options
Foams Gels Suppositories Film Utilized in combo as opposed to being used alone. backup/add on method. --Active ingredients Nonoxynol-9** Octoxynol-9 Menfegol |
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Diaphragms and the Cervical Cap
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see slide 31
Not adequate STD protection. Mechanical barrier with spermicide. |
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Efficacy is a significant limitation associated with the use of barrier contraceptives.
Myth or Fact? |
Fact
16-32% typical failure rate. Stress that patients know how to use these methods consistency and appropriately |
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pregnancy and std summary points
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Patient compliance with contraceptive options
Correct and consistent use Patient ease and willingness to use Be proactive- Education is key!! Contraception goals for the patient The best choice of contraception the product that the patient will use. |
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extra facts
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Cervical cap/diaphragm can be used together with male condom.
Pregnancy and STD checklist: etiology of pregnancy and ST prevention, goals of contraception, prevention strategies, focus on 2 key options: NFP, barrier, for each option be familiar with: typical failure rate, efficacy rates, product considerations/use, counseling, STD protection. What percent of pregnancies are unplanned? 50%. TR is 27yo female interested in utilizing natural contrception, basal body temp, what change occurs with BBT at ovulation. Increase by 0.4 which lasts for 24-48 hours What is typical failure rate with male condom? 15%. What is typical failure rate for a parous women 32% patient who has had children. How long before intercourse can female comdom be inserted? Up to 8 hours before intercourse. What is TFR with spermicides? 29% Sympothermal method: cervical mucous and BBT. Most effective STI protection barrier: male condom. |
