Selection #10: Iron Bridge

Front 1

Decades

Back 1

In contrast to the centuries-long artistic periods of the ancient and Renaissance worlds, art movements in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries lasted only ________

Front 2

Voltaire (1694-1778)

Back 2

Enlightenment thinking was perhaps best represented in the work of the French Philosopher ________

Front 3

Isaac Newton (1642-1727)

Back 3

Physicist and mathematician who saw great rationality in the physical world and called for the analysis of tangible data and concrete experience in an effort to better understand that world

Front 4

John Locke (1632-1704)

Back 4

British philosopher that believed all humans are born good and have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.

Front 5

Photography

Back 5

This development introduced an entirely new medium to the realm of art making

Front 6

Contracts meant to support a nation'a citizens

Back 6

According to Locke, systems of government are

Front 7

New methods for producing textiles, the harnessing of steam power, and innovations in the production of iron

Back 7

Three technological advancements that played a role in economic shifts

Front 8

Rocco and France

Back 8

Eighteenth century art was centered on the _______ movement, which began in ________

Front 9

French aristocracy

Back 9

Rocco art was largely supported by the _______ _________

Front 10

luxury and themes of leisure

Back 10

Rocco art ephasized

Front 11

the the late 18th century

Back 11

Romaticism emerged by

Front 12

1. the power of the artist's imagination 2. the unique subjectivity of the viewer's response

Back 12

Romanticism was intended to express what two things?

Front 13

Neoclassicism

Back 13

___________ also emerged by the late eighteenth century

Front 14

moralizing narratives from Greek and Roman history and a clear, highly polished style

Back 14

Neoclassicism had an emphasis on

Front 15

political events

Back 15

Art movements of this time reflected _______ ________ in Europe.

Front 16

Realism

Back 16

Te nineteenth century saw the emergence of __________, which emphasized common subjects, presented in true-to-life forms.

Front 17

Impressionalism

Back 17

___________ specifically examined late nineteenth century Paris, as well as the surrounding suburbs and French coast, in a radically new visual mode.

Front 18

avant-garde

Back 18

a desire for experimentation and innovation in artistic practice

Front 19

collapsible metal tubes for paint

Back 19

This innovation allowed artists to easily work outdoors.

Front 20

iron

Back 20

Perhaps the most important material exploited during the early period of the Industrial Revolution was ________

Front 21

smelting

Back 21

Up until the early eitteenth century, iron in England was produced through a process of _________

Front 22

heat and charcoal

Back 22

through the process of smelting iron, _______ and ________ were used to extract the material from its core.

Front 23

Abraham Darby and processed coal

Back 23

In 1709, ____________ developed a process for smelting iron using ___________ instead of charcoal, which allowed for a boom in iron production.

Front 24

Abraham Darby II

Back 24

____________ further refined the smelting process to produce higher quality iron material.

Front 25

strong and relatively inexpensive to construct

Back 25

Buildings necessary for manufacturing and industry had to be __________ as well as ___________.

Front 26

Abraham Darby III

Back 26

___________ was born at Coalbrookdale, Shropshire, England, on April 24, 1750, into a Quaker family that owned and operated an important iron-making business.

Front 27

13

Back 27

Darby took over management of the Coalbrookdale ironworks at _____ years old when his father died.

Front 28

Thomas Pritchard

Back 28

Darby partnered with __________

Front 29

Rebecca Smith

Back 29

Darby married _____________ in 1776

Front 30

Thomas Farnolls Pritchard

Back 30

___________ was born in Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England on May 11, 1723

Front 31

carpenter

Back 31

Pritchard's father John was a _________

Front 32

joiner

Back 32

Pritchard trained to be a ________, but eventually became an architect and interior designer.

Front 33

Elinor Russel

Back 33

Pritcher married ___________ in 1751

Front 34

a month

Back 34

Pritchard died _________ after construction of the bridge began.

Front 35

St. Julian's in Shrewsbury

Back 35

Pritchard is burried at _____________, a church he had helped build earlier in his career.

Front 36

Industrial Revolution

Back 36

The Iron Bridge is an icon of the _________ __________.

Front 37

Severn River

Back 37

The bridge spans the ________ _________ near Coalbrookdale

Front 38

Pont du Gard

Back 38

The Iron Bridge is similar to the confiuration of the ______ ___ _______

Front 39

Crystal Palace in England (1851) and the Eiffle Tower (1889)

Back 39

The visible iron structure becomes expressive in later projects such as the __________ and the ___________.

Front 40

Thomas Pritchard and John Wilkinson

Back 40

The bridge was ___________'s original idea who proposed the structure to __________ in 1773.

Front 41

solve a major transportation problem that the only way to cross the Severn River was by ferry

Back 41

The bridge was intended to

Front 42

100

Back 42

The arch form made of cast iron reaches approximately _____ feet from pier to pier.

Front 43

70 and 5 and a quarter

Back 43

The main arch is made up of half ribs, approximately ____ feet long and weighing _____ tons, which were bolted together at the center of the bridge's span.

Front 44

12 and 800

Back 44

___ different cast forms were used, with over ____ separate pieces making up the final structure.

Front 45

1779

Back 45

The bridge was raised in _____

Front 46

New Year's Day in 1781

Back 46

The bridge was opened on __________

Front 47

379

Back 47

In the end, ____ tons of iron were used and the project ended up being more expensive than originally planned, which put Darby in debt for the rest of his life.