Selected Vessels And Routes Of Circulatory System

Front 1

Arteries(lg and med)- arterioles - capillaries - venules - veins

Back 1

What is the general pattern of blood flow through vessels?

Front 2

Tunica interna (intima)

Back 2

inner coat (layer)
The deep coat of an artery or vein consisting of a lining of endothelium, basement membrane, and internal elastic lumina.

Front 3

Tunica interna (intima)

Back 3

Endothelium (simple squamous)
Internal elastic lamina (layer)

Front 4

Endothelium (simple sqamous)

Back 4

lines all cardiovascular system

Front 5

Internal elastic lamina (layer)

Back 5

a layer of elastic tissue in the tunica interna of the artery wall.

Front 6

Tunica media

Back 6

middle coat
thickest layer
consists of elastic fibers and smooth muscle

Front 7

Smooth muscle

Back 7

arranged in rings around the lumen.

Front 8

Elastic fibers

Back 8

plentiful
high compliance
can easily stretch and expand walls of arteries without tearing.

Front 9

Tunica externa (adventititia)

Back 9

outer coat of artery wall
Elastic fibers
Colagenous fibers

Front 10

Elastic fibers

Back 10

elastic tissue that separates the tunica externa from the tunica media

Front 11

Collagenous fibers

Back 11

thick dense fiber that "holds" the artery wall open.

Front 12

Elasticity

Back 12

after a vessel contracts, it can go back to its original shape.

Front 13

Contractility

Back 13

to shorten

Front 14

Vasocontriction

Back 14

a decrease in the diameter of the lumen of a blood vessel.
based upon the influence of the sympathetic nervous system (s.n.s)

Front 15

Vasodilation

Back 15

the increase in diameter of the lumen of a vessel.

Front 16

Large, Elastic or Conducting arteries

Back 16

Walls thin compared to their diameter
More elastic vs. smooth muscle in middle coat - thus called "elastic" arteries
Walls stretch to accommodate cardiac output thus "milking blood"
Conduct blood to medium sized arteries.

Front 17

Large, Elastic or Conducting arteries
EXAMPLES

Back 17

Aorta
Brachiocephalic
Common carotid
subclavian
vertebrals
Common illiac

Front 18

Medium sized, Muscular or Distributing arteries

Back 18

Walls thick due to large amount of smooth muscle
More smooth vs. elastic fibers in miidle coat - thus called muscular arteries
Capable of greater vasocontriction and vasodialation.
Distribute blood from large arteries to arterioles

Front 19

Medium sized, Muscular or Distributing arteries
EXAMPLE

Back 19

Axillary
Brachial
Radial
Splenic
Mesenteric
Femoral
Popliteal
Tibial

Front 20

Anatomoses

Back 20

A junction of 2 or more vessels that supply a given body region, organ, etc.

Front 21

Collateral circulation

Back 21

An alternate route
occurs because of anatomoses
it takes over if hemorrage happens.

Front 22

Arterioles

Back 22

Almost microscopic
Artery end of 3 poorly developed layers
Capillary end of endothelium and scattered smooth muscle fibers
Control blood flow into capillaries

Front 23

Capillaries

Back 23

Microscopic
Site of gas, nutrient and waste exchange btwn blood and cells
Connect arterioles and venules
Walls of a single layer of simple sqaumous epithelium (endothelium)

Front 24

Capillaries

Back 24

Metarteriole
True capillaries
Continuous capillaries
Fenstrated capillaries
Sinusoids

Front 25

Metarteriole

Back 25

Directly connect arterioles and venules
Proximal portion contains smooth muscle
Distal portion lacks smooth muscle fibers - called "thoroughfare channel"

Front 26

True capillaries

Back 26

Arise from arteriole or metarteriole
"precapillary sphincters" present
DO NOT directly connect arterioles and venules - are the side routes

Front 27

Continuous capillaries

Back 27

Endothelial cells separate by intercellular clefts
Found in skeletal muscle, smooth muscle, conn. tissue and lungs.

Front 28

Fenestrated capillaries

Back 28

Have fenstrations (pores)
Found in kidneys, villi of small intestine, choroid plexuses of brain
endocrine glands

Front 29

Sinusoids

Back 29

Wider than most capillaries; twisted or contorted; space btwn. endothelium; basement membrane incomplete or lacking
Lined by specialized cells
Connect arterioles and venules
also in ant. pituitary, spleen, and red bone marrow

Front 30

Venules

Back 30

group of small capillaries within a tissue reunite to form small veins
Capillary end of endothelium and conn. tissue
Vein end also had tunica media (middle coat)

Front 31

Veins

Back 31

tunica interna and media thin vs. arteries
Tunica externa thick vs. arteries
Many are valved thus helping to return blood back to heart

Front 32

Vascular sinus

Back 32

Lacking smooth muscle, tunica media and externa
Walls incomplete
supported by surrounding conn. tissue

Front 33

Vascular sinus

Back 33

Coronary sinus
Intracranial vascular sinuses

Front 34

Intracranial vascular sinuses

Back 34

venus canals between folds of crania dura - such as "sup. sag. sulcus" and others

Front 35

Blood Reservoirs

Back 35

Abdominal veins esp.
venous sinsuses
Carry up to 60% of blood volume
Vasocontriction due to S.N.S stimulation can shift blood where needed or reduce blood loss

Front 36

Cerebral circulation

Back 36

Circle of Willis (cerebral arteriole circle)

Front 37

Cerebral circulation Circle of Willis (cerebral arteriole circle)

Back 37

equalize blood pressure to the brain and provide alternate routes for blood flow to brain should the arteries become damaged.

Front 38

Vertebrals
Internal Carotid

Back 38

What 2 major arteries supply the brain?

Front 39

Vertebrals

Back 39

passes through the transverse processes of the 6th - 1st cervical vertebrae and enters the skull through the foramen magnum.

Front 40

Internal carotid

Back 40

supplies structure in the skull
has no branches in neck
run deep within the neck

Front 41

Internal carotids
Basilar artery

Back 41

Circle of willis is formed by the anatomoses of ______ and _________.

Front 42

Anterior cerebrals

Back 42

from int. carotids

Front 43

Posterior cerebrals

Back 43

from the basilar artery

Front 44

Ant. communicating arteries

Back 44

connect ant. cerebrals

Front 45

Post. communicating arteries

Back 45

connect post. cerebrals to int. carotid

Front 46

Hepatic Circulation

Back 46

extends from gastrointestinal tract to the liver

Front 47

Portal system

Back 47

a vascular system that begins and ends in capillaries

Front 48

Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein

Back 48

What 2 major vessels supply the liver?

Front 49

Hepatic artery

Back 49

a branch of the celiac trunk (axis of artery)

Front 50

Hepatic portal vein

Back 50

detours venous blood from gastrointestinal organs and spleen through liver before it returns to the heart

Front 51

Part small intestine
Part colon (LI)
Part stomach

Back 51

Superior mesenteric vein drains blood from ______, ______,and ________.

Front 52

Part small intestine
Part colon

Back 52

Inferior mesenteric vein drains _______ and ________.

Front 53

Splenic (lineal)

Back 53

drains blood from stomach, pancreas, and L.I.

Front 54

Gastric veins

Back 54

drains blood from stomach

Front 55

Cystic vein

Back 55

drains blood from gallbladder

Front 56

Major veins contributing to the hepatic portal vein

Back 56

Sup. mesenteric
Inf. mesenteric

Front 57

Fetal circulation

Back 57

placenta (55% of output goes to the placenta). the umbilical cord connects the placenta to the fetus, blood from the fetal heart enters the placenta via the umbilical artery the umbilical vein contains oxygenated blood as versus the artery in newborn or adults containing oxygenated blood. there are two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein. the pressure of the right heart chambers in the fetal circulation is higher than that of the left chambers, as a result, blood from right atrium passes through the foremen ovale to the left atrium, and blood from pulmonary artery passes through the ductus arteriosus to the aorta.

Front 58

Placenta

Back 58

The exchange of material circulations occur which forms the inside the mother's uterus and attaches to the umbilicous of the fetus.

Front 59

Intervillous spaces

Back 59

containing maternal blood in the placenta

Front 60

Umbilical cord

Back 60

contain blood vessels that branch into capillaries into placenta
how fetus gets its nutrients

Front 61

Umbilical arteries

Back 61

branches of the int. iliac arteries are w/in in the umbilical cord.
Carries Deoxygenated blood and waster from fetus to the placenta

Front 62

Umbilical veins

Back 62

Carries oxygenated blood and nutrients from maternal blood supply to fetus.
Divides into 2 veins
1st branch joins hepatic portal to supply the liver
2nd branch bypasses liver with most of blood; joins the inf. vena cava.

Front 63

Ductus venuous

Back 63

bypasses liver
carries most blood to inf. vena cava

Front 64

Foramen ovale

Back 64

most blood bypasses R. ventricle through foramen ovale - opening in the interatrial septum
most blood passes non-functional fetal lungs.

Front 65

Ductus arteriosus

Back 65

Conducts most blood from pulmonary trunk to aortic arch thus further bypassing the non-functional fetal lungs.

Front 66

lateral umbilical ligaments

Back 66

Umbilical arteries become _______.

Front 67

ligamentum teres of liver

Back 67

Umbilical vein becomes _______.

Front 68

"afterbirth"

Back 68

Placenta is delivered as ______.

Front 69

Ligamentum venosum

Back 69

Ductus venosus becomes ________.

Front 70

fossa ovalis

Back 70

Foramen ovale closes to become ________.

Front 71

Ligamentum arteriosum

Back 71

Ductus arteriosus becomes __________.