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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a seizure?
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a paroxysmal, uncontrolled electrical discharge of neurons in the brain that interrupts normal function.
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Often, what are seizures a sign of?
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underlying illness
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What metabolic disturbances cause seizures in adults?
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* Acidosis
* electrolyte imbalances * hypoglycemia * hypoxia * alchol& barbituate withdrawal * dehydration * water intoxication |
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What extracranial disorders can cause seizures?
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* heart
* lung * Liver * Kidney disease |
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What is it called when the seizure involves the whole brain?
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generalized seizure
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Scar tissue that develops in the area of the seizure is called?
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gliosis
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Because gliosis has developed, what can occur?
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additional seizures
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Seizures are divided into two major classes. What are they?
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generalized and partial seizures
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What type of seizure is preceded by an aura or warning?
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Partial seizure
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What type of seizure is a tonic-clonic seizure?
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Generalized seizure
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What type of seizure is a Typical Absence seizure?
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Generalized seizure
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Absence seizures are also referred to as?
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Petit Mal seizures
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What type of seizure is a Atypical Absence seizure?
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Generalized seizure
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What type of seizure is a Myoclonic seizure?
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Generalized seizure
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What type of seizure is a Akinetic seizure?
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Generalized seizure
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Partial seizures are divided into two categories. What are they?
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1. Simple partial seizure
2. Complex partial seizure |
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Manifestations of a Tonic-clonic (generalized) seizure may include?
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* LOC
* Falling to the ground * Stiffening of the body * Jerking of the extremities * Cyanosis * Excessive salivation * Tongue/cheek biting * Incontinence |
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In the postictal phase of a Tonic-clonic seizure, how does the patient feel?
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* Muscle soreness
* Very tired * May sleep for several hours * Patient has no memory of seizure |
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Absence/Petit Mal (generalized) seizure usually occur in children or adults?
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Children. Rarely do they continue beyond adolescence.
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Manifestations of absence/Petit Mal seizures include what?
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* Brief staring spells
lasting only a few seconds. |
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Manifestations of an atypical absence (generalized) seizure include what?
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* brief warning
* peculiar behavior during the seizure * Confusion after seizure |
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A myoclonic (generalized) seizure is characterized by what?
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* Sudden, excessive jerk of
the body or extremities * The jerk may be forceful enough to hurl person to ground * Seizures are brief and may occur in clusters. |
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Causes of Tonic-Clonic seizures include?
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* Head Trauma
* Overdose of drugs or withdrawal of drugs * Infectious Process (meningitis, septicemia, encephalitis) * Intracranial events tumors, hemorrhage, stroke,^ICP) * metabolic imbalances * Medical disorders |
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The term "akinetic" refers to what?
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Arrest of movement
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The term "atonic" refers to what?
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loss of tone
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The term "astatic" refers to what?
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Loss of balance
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Akinetic, atonic, and astatic are terms used to describe dropt attacks or falling spells. What are these types of patients at a greater risk for?
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Head injury. Pts. are encouraged to wear helmets
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What do simple partial seizures involve?
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They involve motor, sensory
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What do complex partial seizures involve?
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They involve a variety of behavioral, emotional, affective, and cognitive function.
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The location of the complex partial seizure is normal located where in the brain?
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Temporal lobe
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What is a seizure?
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a paroxysmal, uncontrolled electrical discharge of neurons in the brain that interrupts normal function.
|
|
|
Often, what are seizures a sign of?
|
underlying illness
|
|
|
What metabolic disturbances cause seizures in adults?
|
* Acidosis
* electrolyte imbalances * hypoglycemia * hypoxia * alchol& barbituate withdrawal * dehydration * water intoxication |
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What extracranial disorders can cause seizures?
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* heart
* lung * Liver * Kidney disease |
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What is it called when the seizure involves the whole brain?
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generalized seizure
|
|
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Scar tissue that develops in the area of the seizure is called?
|
gliosis
|
|
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Because gliosis has developed, what can occur?
|
additional seizures
|
|
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Seizures are divided into two major classes. What are they?
|
generalized and partial seizures
|
|
|
What type of seizure is preceded by an aura or warning?
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Partial seizure
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What type of seizure is a tonic-clonic seizure?
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Generalized seizure
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What type of seizure is a Typical Absence seizure?
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Generalized seizure
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Absence seizures are also referred to as?
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Petit Mal seizures
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What type of seizure is a Atypical Absence seizure?
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Generalized seizure
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What type of seizure is a Myoclonic seizure?
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Generalized seizure
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What type of seizure is a Akinetic seizure?
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Generalized seizure
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Partial Seizures can be confined to one side of the brain and remain partial or focal in nature. They also can spread and involve the entire brain. This is called?
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A generalized tonic-clonic siezure.
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Complex partial seizures/temporal seizures manifest how?
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* clouding of consciousness
* Confused state without any motor or sensory components. |
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How do complex partial seizures differ from simple partial seizures?
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They involve some alteration in consciousness.
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Complex partial seizures/temporal seizures involving confusion without any motor or sensory components is sometimes called?
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Temporal lobe absence
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The most complex partial seizur involves what?
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* lip smacking and
automatisms (repetitive movements that may not be appropriate) * These are also called psychomotor seizures |
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Manifestations of psychomotor/automatisms seizures (aka, complex partial seizures) are?
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* Continuation of activity
before seizure started. * picking at clothing * fumbling with objects (real or imaginary) * simply wallking away |
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Psychosensory symptoms that may occur during a complex partial seizure include:
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* distortions of visual or
auditory sensations and vertigo * there may be alterations in memory (such as deja vu) * Alterations in thought process * Alterations in sexual drive or erectile dysfunction |
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What is "Status epilepticus"?
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A state of continuous seizure activity or a condition in which seizures recur in rapid succession without return to consciousness between seizures.
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Status epilepticus can involve what?
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* Any type of seizure
* It is the most serious complication of epilepsy * It is a neurologic emergency |
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Status epilepticus is a neurologic emergency why?
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Can cause:
* ventilatory insufficiency * hypoxemia * Permanent brain damage * cardiac arrhythmias * hyperthermia * Systemic acidosis * can be fatal |
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Nursing implications for a patient with status epilepticus is?
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* ABC's
* Protect from injury * Pts. will be given IV valium, ativan, phenobarbital, dilantin |
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How long does a patient have to be seizure free before being able to drive?
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one full year
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