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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Benzodiazepines: uses and mechanism
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absence seizures, other seizuers, migraines, anti-anxiety, muscle relaxant
binds GABA receptor at gamma subunit, causing longer GABA binding (inhibitory) |
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Alprazolam
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Xanax (benzodiazepine)
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Alprazolam (Xanax) uses, mech, side effects, drug interactions
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Drug of choice for panic disorders (1/2 life 11 hrs, Valium 1/2 life over 30 hrs)
benzodiazepine action (binds GABA receptor) blurry vision due to gaze evoked nystagmus, doesn't effect pupil size Care when used with other CNS depressants, impiramine (TCA), other P450 drugs, carbamazepine |
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Flumazenil
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Romazicon (benzodiazepine antagonist
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Flumazenil (Romazicon) use, mech, kinetics
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benzodiazepine antagonist that reverses overdose
completely inhibits the activity at the benzodiazepine recognition site effects seen in 1-2 min, peaks 6-10 min, more than one dose needed |
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Buspirone
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Buspar
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Buspiron (Buspar) uses, mech
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INdicated for anxiety disorder or short term anxiety, NOT a muscle relaxant or sedative
Agonist of serotonin 5HT1 (which decreases levels of cAMP) Mixed agonist/antagonist on dopamine receptors (inhibitory effect) NO GABA effects |
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Eszopiclone
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Lunesta
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Eszopiclone (Lunesta) use and mechanism
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insomnia
non-benzodiazepine that acts as an agonist for benzodiazepine receptors |
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Hydroxyzine
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Vistaril and atarax
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Hydroxyzine (Vistaril and atarax) uses
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Primarily an antihistamine, also antiemetic (for nausea), used pre-anesthesia, and anxiolytic
Vistaril is esp an skeletal muschle relaxant for symptomatic tension |
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Zaleplon
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Sonata (hypnotic)
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Zaleplon (Sonota) uses, mechanism
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Short term insomnia treatment
Acts on GABA receptor at alpha subunit, similar to benzodiazepines at gamma. Has sedative, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsive effects |
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Zolpidem
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Ambien
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Zolpidem (Ambien) uses, mech, side effect
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sedative, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, muscle relaxant
Modulates GABA receptor at alpha subunit sleep driving, especially when using alcohol |
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Barbituates - uses and mechanism, interactions
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depresses CNS, induces CYP450 to metabolize other drugs faster, anesthesia, anxiety
Increase GABA efficiency by binding to GABA receptor, similar to BZDs shortens half life of doxycycline (used for bleph) |
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Phenobarbitol side effects
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Sedation, hypnosis, dizziness, nystagmus,
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Chloralhydrate
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Noctec (non-barbituate sedative)
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Chloralhydrate (Noctec) uses, mechanism
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Oldest hypnotic, converts to trichloroethanol, drug of choice for child sedation for medical diagnostic purposis
Acts as CNS depressant, similar to ethanol working on GABA |
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Alcohol - unique properties and mechanism
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disperses equally through body, fixed rate of metabolism (o.o15mb/dl)
-potentiates gamma subunit of GABA receptor = sedation -Inhibits release of glutamate and acetylcholine -Increases dopamine release = feels good |
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Baclofen use
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muscle relaxant
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Dantrolene mech and use
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affects sodium potassium pumps, causing cyperpolarization and reducing muscle spasms
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Cyclobenzaprine HCl Tablets
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Flexeril
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Cyclobenaprine HCl tablet (Flexeril)uses, mech, side effects
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Used as adjunct for PT for muscle spasms for acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions
NOT at neuromuscular jxn - acts at brain stem Norepinephrine potentiation, peripheral and central anticholinergic effects, sedation anticholinergic side effects - blur, pt should not drive |
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Carisoprodol - and it is a metabolite of---
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(Soma) - becomes meprobamate (a tranquilizer)
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Carisoprodol (Soma) uses and mech
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Acute painful musculoskeletal conditions, should only be used for 2-3 weeks max
Metabolite of meprobamate (carisoprodol), has anxiolytic and sedative properties, binds GABA alpha receptor, alters perception of apin |
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Modafinil use, mechanism, side effects
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Treats narcolepsy, used in military, keeps you up for 40 hrs straight
Inhibits dopamine reuptake and norepinephrine reuptake increases histamine release in brain Side effects: nervousness, insomnia, vertigo |
