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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is a sedative |
Anxiolytic agent that reduces anxiety and exerts a calming effect |
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What is a hypnotic agent |
Produces drowsiness and encourages the onset and maintenance of sleep |
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What are the important groups of Sedative-Hypnotics |
Bensodiazepines Barbituates The Newer drugs |
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Describe Insomnia |
May be primary with no other symptoms May be secondary May be temp or episodic |
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What are the types of insomnia |
Sleeponset insomnia: Difficulty falling asleep Sleepmaintaining insomnia: difficulty staying asleep Earlymorning awakening: Waking up too early. |
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What can cause insomnia |
Pain conditions GI distress Hypertnesion Heart Disease Diabetes Psych Illness |
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Nonpharmacological treatments for insomnia |
Lifestyle changes Cognitive behavioral therapy Relaxation therapy Sleep-restriciton therapy Stimulus-control therapy |
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Pharacotherapy of Insomia |
Antihistsamines - Benadryl, Sominex, Unisom Supplements and herbs Benzodiazepines Non-Benzodiazephine Sedating antidepressants |
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What is the therapeutic effects of prescription meds for insomnia? |
Shorten time to fall asleep Increase total sleep time Decrease number of awakenings Improve sleep quality |
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What are the newer hypnotic agents |
Zolpidem (Ambien) -Potential for addiction -Dowsiness Zaleplon (Sonata) -Short-acting Eszopiclone (Lunesta) -Only one approved for chronic use Ramelteon (Rozerem) -melatonin receptor agonist |
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What are the types of sedating antidepressants |
Tricyclic agents Trazodone Mirtazapine |
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Treatment Duration |
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Adverse effects of sedative hypnotics |
CNS Depression Dizziness Hypotension Nausea Cognitive impairment -memory, concentration Behavior changes -Aggression, sleep walking |
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Addiction and abuse of Insomnia drugs
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Benzodiazepine - most common Antihistimines Sedating antidepressants Herbal Products |
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Tolerance and insomnia |
Use of sedative-hypnotics for more than 1-2 weeks leads to some tolarnce Abrupt withdrawal leads to more serious withdrawal signs |
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What is anxiety |
Natural evolutionary response to stressful stimuli Uncomfortable feeling of vague fear or apprehension with characteristic physical sensations |
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Symptoms of Anxiety |
Racing heart, trembling, shortness of breath, pacing, worry, fear, difficulty concentrating |
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How to differentiate Pathological anxiety |
in response to acute stress secondary to medical causes symptom with other psych disorder |
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What can cause secondary axiety |
Endocrine Neurological Cardiovascular Resp GI |
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What Psych disorders may have anxiety as a symptom? |
Bipolar Major depression Schizophrenia Adjustment disorder |
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What medications are used for anxiety |
Sed-Hypnotics Anti-anxiety agents |
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What are the therapeutic effects of Benzodiazepines |
Anxiolytic
Sed-Hypnotic Muscle Relaxant Anticonvulsant |
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Major uses for Benzo |
Anxiety Insomnia Alcohol withdrawal muscle spasticity pre-surgical sedation |
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Mechanism of Benzodiazepine |
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What are the most common adverse effects of Benzo |
Drowsiness Ataxia Slurred speech Blurred Vision Psych-motor impairment Paradoxical reactions Respiratory depression |
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Describe Tolerance to Benzo |
Usually develops in about one week Tolerance to the Anxiolytic, muscle relaxant and aniconvulsant effects not as likely tooccur |
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Describe Benzo Withdrawal |
More common with shorter acting Most common taking large doses for extended time. Typically occurs after 3 mo of use May begin within 24 hourss |
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Benzo implications for PTs |
Inc risk for falls within 2-4 hours after taking the drug patient will be calm, relaxed, drowsy, less able to focus |
