Section 8

Front 1

____________________ is the study of disease states associated with overactivity or underactivity of the immune response.

Back 1

Immunopathology.

Front 2

Immediate Hypersensitivity

Back 2

Type I.

Front 3

Antibody-mediated

Back 3

Type II.

Front 4

Immune complex-mediated

Back 4

Type III.

Front 5

T Cell mediated

Back 5

Type IV.

Front 6

An _________________ is altered reactivity or exaggerated immune response manifested by inflammation

Back 6

Allergy.

Front 7

______________________, sometimes used interchangeably with allergy, but some consider this to be delayed reaction (while allergies are immediate)

Back 7

Hypersensitivity.

Front 8

The antigen to which allergic individuals are sensitive is referred as

Back 8

Allergens.

Front 9

Type I allergies have _____ levels of severity.

Back 9

Two.

Front 10

A chronic local allergy is referred as an __________. (hay fever, asthma, ect.)

Back 10

Atopy.

Front 11

A systemic, sometimes fatal reaction is called ________________.

Back 11

Anaphylaxis.

Front 12

The "Big Eight" food allergens are...

Back 12

Peanuts, Soy, Eggs, Milk, Fish, Wheat, Shellfish, Tree Nuts.

Front 13

____________________________ _____________ targets self-antigens in the body.

Back 13

Autoimmune disease.

Front 14

An inadequate amount of immunity is referred as _______________________.

Back 14

Immunodeficiency.

Front 15

A bad blood transfusion is an example of what type of hypersensitivity?

Back 15

Type II.

Front 16

Which blood type is often considered the 'universal donor'?

Back 16

Type O.

Front 17

People with blood type ____ are potentially able to donate blood to anyone.

Back 17

Type O.

Front 18

Type of Sensitivity:

Graft Rejection

Back 18

Type II.

Front 19

Type of Sensitivity:

Hay Fever

Back 19

Type I

Front 20

Type of Sensitivity:

Tuberculin skin test reaction

Back 20

Type IV.

Front 21

Type of Sensitivity:

Poison Ivy Dermatitis

Back 21

Type IV.

Front 22

Type of Sensitivity:

Serum Sickness

Back 22

Type III.

Front 23

Type of Sensitivity:

Food Allergy

Back 23

Type I.

Front 24

An excessive or inappropriate immune response that causes tissue injury in the host is called...

Back 24

Hypersensitivity.

Front 25

Which of the following is not a typical symptom of Type I hypersensitivity?

(a) Asthma

(b) Anaphylactic shock

(c) Hives

(d) Kidney damage

(e) Rhinitis

Back 25

(D) - Kidney Damage.

Front 26

Which of the following statements about Type II hypersensitivity is false?

(a) It causes transfusion reactions.

(b) It causes hemolytic disease in newborn infants.

(c) Cells are destroyed by complement-fixing antibodies or antibody-dependent cellular cytoxicity.

(d) IgE, IgG, IgM are involved.

(e) All these choices are correct.

Back 26

(D) - IgE, IgG, IgM are involved.

Front 27

TRUE or FALSE:

Histamine is released by mast cells and can lead to asthma symptoms.

Back 27

False.

Front 28

___________________ Stimulates smooth muscle, glands, eosinophils; responsible for skin reaction, itching and headache.

Back 28

Histamine.

Front 29

Sudden respiratory and circulatory disruption that can be fatal is referred to as...

Back 29

Systemic Anaphylaxis.

Front 30

__________________ causes prolonged smooth muscle contraction of the bronchioles, dilation of peripheral arterioles, increased capillary permeability, and increased mucus secretion.

Back 30

Brandykinin.

Front 31

___________________ induces gradual contraction of smooth muscle.

Back 31

Leukotriene.

Front 32

___________________ Are inflammatory agents responsible for vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, increased sensitivity to pain, and broncho-constriction.

Back 32

Prostaglandins.

Front 33

The initial encounter of allergen is referred as the ______________ _________.

Back 33

Sensitizing Dose.

Front 34

TRUE of FALSE

Sensitization of an allergen occurs during the second or next encounter.

Back 34

False. Sensitization of an allergen occurs during the first or initial encounter.

Front 35

During _________________ of an allergy, memory cells and immunoglobulin are ready to react.

Back 35

Provocation.

Front 36

TRUE or FALSE

The secondary or next encounter of an allergen is referred as the sensitizing dose.

Back 36

False. The next exposure of the allergen is called provocation.

Front 37

_________________ of allergy causes a quicker and stronger response leading to the signs and symptoms of an allergy.

Back 37

Provocation.

Front 38

_______________ _________ is when the body is learning how to react to the allergen.

Back 38

Sensitizing Dose.

Front 39

Airborne environmental allergens are referred to as...

Back 39

Inhalants.

Front 40

Pollen, dust, dander, and mold are an example of...

Back 40

Inhalant Substances.

Front 41

Allergens that enter the body by mouth are referred to as...

Back 41

Ingestants.

Front 42

Food and oral antibiotics are an example of...

Back 42

Ingestant Substances.

Front 43

These allergies cause side effects of drugs or other substances used in diagnosing, treating, or preventing disease; or naturally through venom from stings...

Back 43

Injectant Allergies.

Front 44

Venom or bee stings are an example of....

Back 44

Injected Substances.

Front 45

The portal of entry for an injected substance is through the _________.

Back 45

Skin.

Front 46

TRUE or FALSE:

The portal of entry for an ingested substance is through the mouth and gastrointestinal tract.

Back 46

True.

Front 47

___________________ are allergens that enter through the skin.

Back 47

Contactants.

Front 48

Poison Ivy, cosmetics, detergents and fabrics are an example of a...

Back 48

Contactant Substance.

Front 49

The respiratory system is an example of a ___________ _____ ____________ for inhalants.

Back 49

Portal of Entry.

Front 50

____________ are more allergenic than carbohydrates, fats, or nucleic acids

Back 50

Proteins.

Front 51

TRUE or FALSE:

Carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acids are more allergenic than proteins.

Back 51

False. Proteins are more allergenic than carbohydrates, fats, and nucleic acids.

Front 52

Allergen typically enter through the ______________ portals in the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, and skin.

Back 52

Epithelial.

Front 53

TRUE or FALSE:

50% of the population are prone to atopic allergies?

Back 53

FALSE. 10% to 30% of the population is prone to atopic allergies.

Front 54

When a person grows into or out of an allergy is when it is altered by _______.

Back 54

Age.

Front 55

Exposure to an _______________ could change how an allergy is expressed.

Back 55

Infection.

Front 56

This could alter whether an individual is suffering from allergies

Back 56

Geographic Locale.

Front 57

An individual who has allergies have a genetic programing that favors allergic antibody (____) production.

Back 57

IgE.

Front 58

IgE Production causes increased activity of ________ _____, and increased susceptibility of target tissue to allergic mediators.

Back 58

Mast Cells.

Front 59

TRUE or FALSE

The antigen to which allergic individuals are sensitive is called and allergen.

Back 59

True.

Front 60

_____________________ studies allergies, autoimmunity, grafts and transfusions, and immunodeficiencies.

Back 60

Immunopathology.

Front 61

TRUE OR FALSE

Immunodeficiency is an example of an overactive immune response.

Back 61

False. Autoimmunity is an over active immune response.

Front 62

TRUE or FALSE

autoimmunity, allergies, grafts and transfusions is an example of over active immune response.

Back 62

True.

Front 63

_________________ is an under active immune response.

Back 63

Immunodeficiency.

Front 64

TRUE or FALSE:

A food allergy and a food intolerance are the same thing?

Back 64

False. A food allergy and a food intolerance is different.

Front 65

________________ __________________ is an inflammatory reaction to a local injection of allergen.

Back 65

Cutaneous Anaphylaxis.

Front 66

__________ ___________ is different from a food intolerance.

Back 66

Food Allergy.

Front 67

TRUE or FALSE:

A drug allergy reaction ranges from mild atopy to fatal anaphylaxis

Back 67

True.

Front 68

Beta-lactam antibiotics and sulfa drugs are the ________ common drug allergies.

Back 68

Most.

Front 69

TRUE or FALSE:

the least common drug allergies come from beta-lactam antibiotics and sulfa drugs.

Back 69

False. Beta-lactam antibiotics and sulfa drugs are the most common drug allergies.

Front 70

Bee stings, antibiotics, serum, and peanuts can all cause this type of systemic reaction...

Back 70

Anaphylaxis.

Front 71

TRUE or FALSE:

Diagnosis of an allergy can be determined by a test tube method in a laboratory or via a skin test.

Back 71

True.

Front 72

Skin testing is an example of what allergy diagnosis method?

Back 72

In Vivo.

Front 73

Testing for an allergy in a test tube is an example of what allergy diagnosis method?

Back 73

In Vitro.

Front 74

TRUE or FALSE:

The measure of elevated blood levels of tryptase (mast cells) is nonspecific allergy diagnosis test.

Back 74

True.

Front 75

TRUE or FALSE:

Serological tests that use radioimmune assays to measure IgE amounts is a non-specific allergy diagnosis test.

Back 75

False. Serological tests that use radioimmune assays to measure IgE amounts is specific allergy diagnosis test.

Front 76

Leukocyte histamine-release is a _______________ allergy diagnosis test

Back 76

Non-specific.

Front 77

This type of allergy test is performed by scratching the patients skin with a small amount of pure allergen extract...

Back 77

Skin Test.

Front 78

TRUE or FALSE:

A skin test is a specific and invivo method of diagnosis or an allergy.

Back 78

True.

Front 79

TRUE or FALSE:

A differential blood cell count of basophils and eosinophils is a non-specific and in vitro method of diagnosing an allergy.

Back 79

True.

Front 80

Once an allergy has been diagnosed it is typically suggested that the patient _____________ the allergen

Back 80

Avoids.

Front 81

_____________________ keep the plasma cell from synthesizing IgE and inhibit T cells. This will not cure an allergy.

Back 81

Corticosteroids.

Front 82

TRUE or FALSE:

Antihistamines, aspirin, epinephrine, theophylline, counteract the effects of cytokines on targets.

Back 82

True.

Front 83

Treatment and prevention of an allergy is referred to as _____________________ _____________.

Back 83

Desensitization Therapy.

Front 84

TRUE or FALSE:

Desensitization therapy works well with food and drug allergies

Back 84

False. Desensitization therapy DOES NOT work with food and drug allergies

Front 85

____________________ ____________ Prevents reactions with allergen, IgE, and mast cells.

Back 85

Desensitization Therapy.

Front 86

___________ and __________ allergy cannot be treated with desensitization therapy.

Back 86

Food and Drug.

Front 87

Type A red blood cells have ____ antigens.

Back 87

A.

Front 88

Type B red blood cells have ____ antigens.

Back 88

B.

Front 89

Type AB red blood cells have ____ antigens.

Back 89

AB.

Front 90

Type O red blood cells have ____ antigens.

Back 90

Have neither AB.

Front 91

A person with type A blood has ___ antigens and ___ antibodies.

Back 91

A antigens and B antibodies

Front 92

A person with type B blood has ___ antigens and ___ antibodies.

Back 92

B antigens and A antibodies

Front 93

A person with type AB blood has ___ antigens and _______ antibodies.

Back 93

AB antigens and neither antibodies (AB)

Front 94

A person with type O blood has _____ antigens and ___ antibodies.

Back 94

Neither antigens (AB) but has AB antibodies.

Front 95

TRUE or FALSE:

Type O blood have neither AB antigens, but has AB antibodies.

Back 95

True.

Front 96

Reactions that lyse foreign cells is a type ____ hypersensitivity.

Back 96

Type II.

Front 97

Involves the production of IgG and IgM after repeated exposure to antigens and the activation complement...

Back 97

Type III.

Front 98

Type III hypersensitivity cause an ______________ ______________ reaction.

Back 98

Immune Complex.