Section 6

Front 1

Briefly describe how each of the following methods of analysis are used to obtain ion concentrations that are relevant to a TDS measurement, and list some ions that are analyzed using each technique.

i. Titrations: including each of the following: *Acid Base

*Redox

*precipitation

*complex formation

ii. Ion Chromatography (IC)

iii. Atomic Absorption analysis (AA)

iv Atomic emission analysis such as ICP.

v. Potentiometric analysis (such as an ion selective electrode or ISE)

Back 1

Titrations:

*Acid Base

*Redox

*precipitation

*complex formation

ii. Ion Chromatography (IC):

iii. Atomic Absorption analysis (AA):

iv Atomic emission analysis such as ICP:

Front 2

Describe three methods used to obtain TDS along with the advantages and disadvantages of each method.

Front 3

For light with a wavelength of 500 ηm, give the frequency and the energy per photon, and state whether the light is UV, visible, or infrared radiation.

Front 4

Describe how molecules absorb waves in the microwave, IR, VIS or UV, and gamma ray regions of the spectrum.

Front 5

Define T and %T in terms of the intensity of light entering and leaving a sample in a spectrophotometer, and then determine the value of A if I0 = 5*I.

Front 6

Sketch a graph of %T vs concentration and A vs concentration, and state which one gives a linear Beer’s law graph.

Front 7

Draw schematics showing the location of the light source, the sample and the detector for absorption, emission and scattering spectrophotometers.

Front 8

Define analyte, blank solution and standard solution, and explain why analysis of iron using colorimetric analysis needs both a blank and a set of standards.

Front 9

Give 4 advantages of ICP instruments, and explain what is meant by linear range.

Front 10

sketch a graph with a calibration curve (conductivity vs mg NaCl for example) with 5 data points. Use the graph to show what is meant by each of the following: detection limit; linear range; interpolation, and extrapolation.