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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Metabolism |
Catabolism Anabolism |
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Catabolism |
Break down of molecules Produces energy (ATP) Reducing power |
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Anabolism |
Builds larger molecules builds cell structures Requires energy |
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Carbon source |
Autotroph (co2) Heterotrophs (organic) |
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Photoautotrophs |
Plants |
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Chemoheterotrophs |
Animals |
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What is lowered by enzymes |
Activation energy |
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Coenzymes |
Organic molecules (vitamins) Enzyme structure |
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Cofactors |
Ions(metal ions) Non protein activator |
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Competitive inhibitor |
Competes w/ substrate for active site Mimics substrate (shape) Increasing substrate overcomes inhibition Inhibitor blocks substrate binding |
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Non competitive inhibitor |
Alters active site Binds to allosteric site Increasing substrate - no effect
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Enzyme activity factors |
Temperature pH Inhibitors 1. Competitive 2. Non competitive Cofactor Coenzyme |
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Denatured enzyme |
-non functional Heat pH Salt concentration |
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Dehydration synthesis |
Making macromolecules (polymers) Generating covalent bonds |
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Hydrolysis reaction |
Breakdown of polymers |
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Where is ATP stored |
In phosphate bonds |
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Substrate-level phosphorylation |
Glycolysis and krebs ADP➡️ATP |
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Reduction |
Atom or molecule gains electrons |
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Oxidation |
Atom or molecule lose electrons |
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Cellular respiration |
Carbon is oxidized Oxygen is reduced Hydrogen and electrons |
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Glycolysis |
Energy investment -2ATPs needed energy yielding - 4 ATPs. Substrate phosphorylation |
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Glycolysis facts |
2 ATPs to jumpstart 2NADH Net 2 ATPs per glucose no 02 is needed no CO2 released cytoplasm of the cell pyruvate is end product |
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Intermediate step |
Per glucose: 2 CO2 2 NADH |
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Krebs cycle facts |
Per glucose: 2 acetylene-CoA enter.. 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2 per cycle(round): 1ATP, 3 NADH,1 FADH2, 2 CO2 substrate level phosphorylation Prokaryotic: cytoplasm eukaryotic: mitochondrial matrix |
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Electron transport system facts |
FOUND ON MEMBRANE NADH generates 3 ATP FADH2 generates 2 ATP Electrons shuttled by NAD & FAD Final electron accepter is 02 02 was reduced to H2O Prokaryotic: plasma membrane eukaryotic: mitochondrial membrane |
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One glucose generates? |
38 ATPs cellular respiration (aerobic) |
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Fermentation yields? |
TWO ATPs per glucose!!! final electron acceptor: organic molecule NAD is recycled or regenerated |
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Anaerobic respiration |
Reduction of: nitrate, sulfate final electron acceptor:inorganic molecule |
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Macromolecules are generated by? |
Glucose |
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Fermentation |
Final electron acceptor: organic molecule |
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Anaerobic respiration |
Final electron acceptor: inorganic molecule |