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92 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Puritans
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A group of English Protestants who settled in Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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General Court
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An elected representative assembly in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.
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A 1639 plan of government in the Puritan Colony of Connecticut.
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Religious Tolerance
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Willingness to let others practice their own beliefs.
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Sabbath
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A holy day of rest.
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Town Meeting
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A meeting in colonial New England where settlers discussed and voted on issues.
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Charles I
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The King that granted the puritans their charter to the Americas.
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Massachusetts Bay Colony
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A colony set up by Puritans after they fled from England
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John Winthrop
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The governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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Great Migration
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the migration to the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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Boston
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A town in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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Thomas Hooker
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A Puritan that founded Connecticut.
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Hartford
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A town in Connecticut founded by a Puritan names Thomas Hooker.
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Roger Williams
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Founded Rhode Island.
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Anne Huchension
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A Puritan that fought for religious freedom and she was kicked out of Massachusetts Bay Colony.
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Metacom
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(king phillip) Chief of the Wampanoag tribe.
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The Common
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An open field in the middle of the village where cattle grazed.
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Meeting House
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A place were religious ceremonies were held and also issues were discussed and voted on.
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Gentry
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Top of the society. Wealthy planters, merchants, ministers, successful loyers.
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Middle Class
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Below gentry. Included farmers, skilled craftworkers, and some tradespeople.
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Indentured Servants
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Lowest of the social classes. Sighned contracts to work for 4-7 years. When their term was up they were free.
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Gullah
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In some coastal areas, African Americans spoke a combination of English and West African languages known as this.
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Great Awakening
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This religious movement swept through the colonies. It’s drama and emotion touched women and men of all backgrounds and classes.
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Public Schools
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Schools supported by taxes. Allowed rich and poor people to get an education.
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Tutor
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Private teachers.
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Apprentice
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Places were parents sent their children to learn a trade or craft served as apprentices. Worked for a master to learn a trade or a craft.
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Dame School
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A private schools run by women in their own homes.
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Enlightenment
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Thinkers who believed in the light of human reason started this movement. They tried to dicover the natural laws that governed human behavior.
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Libel
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Zenger was put on trial for “libel” which means the act of publishing a statement that may unjustly damage a person’s reputation.
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Negro Election Day
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American custom, blending traditions from Africa and England.
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Jonathan Edwards
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New England preacher. Helped set off the Great Awakening.
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George Whitefield
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English minister. When he arrived in the colonies, the movement spread like wildfire.
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John Lock
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English philosopher. Wrote works that were widely read in the colonies. He said people could gain knolage of the world by observing and experimenting.
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Benjamin Franklin
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Son of a poor Boston soap and candle maker. Born in 1706. Used his spare time to study literature, mathematics, and foreign languages. Built a successful printing business in Philadelphia. Was an Enlightenment thinker. Invented many useful objects.
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Poor Richards Almanack
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Almanack published by Ben Franklen.
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John Peter Zenger
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Published the weekly journal in New York City. 1734, he was arrested for publishing stories that criticized the governor. But he was freed after his lawyer changed their minds.
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Patroon
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Large grants of land, and the owners of these estates were calles this.
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Proprietary colony
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In setting up this, the king gave land to one or more people in return for a yearly payment.
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Royal colony
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In 1702 New Jersey bacame this. This is a colony under direct control of the English crown.
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Quakers
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One of the most despised religious groups in England. At age 22 Penn joined this group. They were Protestant reformers. But their reforms went further then other groups. They believed that all people-men and woman, noblesand commons-were equal in God’s sight. They allowed wonam to preach and didn’t bow to nobles. Refused to serve in the army. They were persecuted for their ideas.
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Pennsylvania Dutch
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Settlers from England, Scotland, Wales, the Netherlands, France, and Germany began to cross the Atlantic Ocean to Pennsylvania. Amoung these arivals were large numbers of German-speaking Protestants. They became known as Pennsylvania Dutch because people couldn’t pronounce the word Deutsch.
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Cash Crop
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Important crops that were sold for money at market.
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William Penn
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Founded the colony of Pennsylcania in 1681. He came from a weathy English family and was a personal friend of King Charles II. At age 22 he joined the Quakers.
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Peter Stuyvesant
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Governor of New Netherlands. Swore to defend when English came but failed to do so.
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the Duke of York
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King Charles II’s brother. After King Charles II conquered New Netherlands he gave gave it to his brother the Duke of York.
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the "holey experiment"
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Penn thought of his colony as this. He wanted to model religous freedom.
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Philadelphia
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Penn made this his capital. Aka “brotherly love”.
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The Great Wagon Road
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1700s thousands of German and Scotch-Irish settlers arrived in Philadelphia. From there they traveled west in the backcountry. Settlers fallowed an old Iroquois trail became known as the Great Wagon Road.
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Who founded Plymouth (in Mass)?
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William Bradford. For religious freedom. 1620
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Who founded Massachusetts Bay (in Mass)?
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John Winthrop. Religious Freedom. 1330
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Who founded New Hampshire?
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David Thomson. Economic reasons. 1623.
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Who founded The Carolinas
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English Nobles. They got a grant from King Charles II. 1663
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Who founded Georgia?
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James Oglethorpe. For debtors to be free of debt. 1732
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Who founded Maryland?
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Sir George Calvert. So Catholics could practice their religion freely. 1632
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Who founded New York?
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Duke of York. WHen Peter Stuyvesant surrendered from the English. King Charles II gave it to the Duke of York. 1644.
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Who founded New Jersey?
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Lord Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. Duke of York gave land to them. 1664.
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Who founded Connecticut?
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Thomas Hooker did. Believed the governor and other officials had too much power in Massachusetts Bay. 1662.
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Who founded Delaware?
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Settlers in the Lower Countries. Too far away to attend the Assembly in Pennsylvania so they made Delaware in 1704.
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Who founded Pennsylvania?
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William Penn. Religious Freedom. 1681.
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Who founded Rhode Island.
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Roger Williams. Believed that the Puritan church had too much power. Believed in religious tolerance. Got kicked out of Mass Bay Colony. 1636.
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Who founded Virginia?
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Walter Raleigh. Wanted to be rich like Spain and settled a colony. 1607.
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Mercantilism.
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The belief that colonies should benefit their own countries.
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Exports
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Goods sent to markets outside the country.
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Imports
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Goods brought into a country.
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Navigation Acts
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1650 English Parliament passed this. This regulated trade between England and it’s colonies. The purpose of these laws was to ensure only England benefited from colonial trade.
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Yankees
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Merchants from New England were known as this. They dominated colonial trade. They were clever and hard working. Earned a reputation for profiting from any deal.
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Triangular trade
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New England ships carried fish, lumber and other things to the West Indies. There, Yankees got molasses and brought it back to New England to make rum.
Then they carried rum, guns, gunpowder, cloth, and tools from New England to West Africa. There the Yankees traded these goods for slaves. Then they carried the slaves to the West Indies were they made a profit. Then with the money they bought more molasses. Hence TRIANGULAR trade rout. |
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Legislature
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Each colony had its own. A group of people who have the power to make laws. Had an upper house and a lower house. Upper house was made up of advisers appointed by the governor. Lower house was an elected assembly. Had the rights to approve any taxes the governor asked for. This “power of the purse.” Or right to raise or spend money, was an important check on the governors power.
Glorious Revolution: 1688. Colonists won more rights as a result of this. Parliament removed King James II from the throne and asked William and Mary of the Netherlands to rule. |
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Bill of rights
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A written list of freedoms the government promises to protect.
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English Bill of rights
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In return for Parliaments support, William and Mary signed this in 1689. A list of freedoms the government promises to protect.
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Mason-Dixon Line
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A boundry between Pennsylvania and Maryland. It also divided the Middle Colonies from the Southern Colonies.
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Act of Toleration
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Lord Baltimore came to fear that the Protestants might try to deprive Catholics. So in 1649 he asked the assembily to pass an Act of Toleration. The law provided religious freedom for all Catholics.
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Bacon's Rebellion
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A man named Nathaniel Bacon organized men and woman and raided Native American villages. This was known as the Bacon’s Rebellion. Lasted a short time. When he died the revolt fell apart. The government hanged 23 of Bacon’s followers.
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Indigo
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Settlers in south Carolina learned to raise this. It’s a plant used to make a valuable blue die.
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Debtor
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People who owed money they couldn’t pay back. They made Georga so people like this could make a new start.
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Slave code
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Were laws that set out rules for slaves’ behavior and denied slaves their basic rights.
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racism
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Is the belief that one race is superior to anthother.
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Sir George Calvert
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In 1632, this man persuaded King Charles I to grant him land for a colony in the Americas. He was Roman Catholic. He wanted a colony were they could practice this religion freely. Called it Maryland.
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Lord Baltimore
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AKA Cecil. He pushed on with the Maryland project after his dad died. He gave colonists a role in government by creating an elected assembly. Gave generous grants of land to anyone who brought over slaves, woman, and children.
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Chesapeake Bay
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Ran between Maryland and Verginia. It was full of fish, oysters, and crabs.
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St. Mary's
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Marylands first town. They built it on a drie area so they didn’t have to worry about the swampy area.
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Margaret and Mary Brent
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Sister who took advantige of Lord Baltimore’s offer of land. They arrived in Maryland in 1638 with 9 male sevants. Then they set up 2 plantations. 1,000 acres each.
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Nathaniel Bacon
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A young planter gathered men and woman and raided Native American villages. This was known as the Bacon’s Rebellion. Lasted a short time. When he died the revolt fell apart. The government hanged 23 of Bacon’s followers.
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Charles Town
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Shortened to Charleston. A group of 8 English nobles set up large colony. The largest settlement was called Charles Town, and was were Ashley and Cooper rivers met.
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James Oglethorpe
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He was a respected English soldier and energetic reformer. Founded Georgia in 1732. Wanted it to be a place were debtors could come and start over.
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Savannah
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In 1733 Oglethorpe and 120 colonists built the colonies first settlement at Savannah, above the Savannah River. He set strict rules for the colony.
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The Tidewater
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The earliest planters settled along rivers and creeks of the coastal plain because the land was washed by oceans tides. This reagon was known as The Tidewater reagon. This place had rich farmland.
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The Backcountry
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West of Tidewater. Thick forests covered the land. This inland area was called The Backcountry. More democratic than the Tidewater. Settlers there were more likely to treat one another as equal. Men tended smaller fields. Self-sufficient.
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The Middle Passage
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In the 1700s English sailors referred to the passage of slave ships west across the Atlantic Ocean as this.
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New England
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Tightly nit towns and villages. Believed in the Sabbath day. Soil was poor but the forests were full of riches. Hunted Turkey and deer. Cut down trees and floated them on saw mills. Major shipbuilding centers. Fished. Hunt whales for oil lamps.
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Middle Colonies
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: Cash crops. Promising land for farmers. Rich soil. Raised wheat barley and rye. Exported lots of grain, hence their nickname the “Breadbasket Colonies”. Raised cattle and pigs. Larger farms then the New England colonies. Skilled artisans. Houses were far apart. Self sufficient.
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Southern Colonies
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Huge plantations that are farming rice, indigo, and tobacco. Major cash crops in the Southern Colonies.
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