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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Arrest |
The deprivation of a person's freedom of movement. |
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Arrest Report |
A record maintained by a law enforcement agency concerning an arrest, including statements, evidence, and related charging information. |
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Booking |
The process of identifying, searching, and charging a person before they are admitted to jail. |
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Charging Document |
A document that when filed with the court begins formal criminal proceedings against the defendant, such as complaints, informations, and indictments. |
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Counsel |
The lawyers in a case. |
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Follow-Up Investigation |
Police information gathering that takes place between the filing of the initial report and the case being ready for trial. |
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Graham v. Connor (1989) |
A SCOTUS decision where an objective reasonableness standard was adopted for evaluating excessive force claims against police. |
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Grand Jury |
A jury, usually composed of 23 jurors, that are tasked with determining if the state has enough evidence to hold a criminal trial. |
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Indictment |
The formal charge issued by a grand jury stating that there is enough evidence that the defendant committed the crime to justify having a trial. |
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Information |
A formal accusation by a government attorney that the defendant committed a criminal offense. |
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Initial Appearance |
The first time an accused person is brought before a judge. |
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Knowingly and Voluntarily |
A legal requirement ( that defendants understand the potential outcomes of what they are doing, and that they are doing so free of coercion. |
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Magistrate |
A minor judicial official with limited authority. |
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Objectively Reasonable |
A reasonably prudent and cautious person would find an office's actions reasonable under the circumstances. |
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Plea |
The defendant's statement of "guilty" or "not guilty" in answer to the charges. |
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Preliminary Hearing |
A hearing to determine of enough evidence exists that a person committed a crime to move on to a trial. |
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Preliminary Investigation |
Investigative activities that take place as soon as an officer arrives at the crime scene. |
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Presentence Report |
A report summarizing for the court the background information needed to determine the appropriate sentence. |
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Pretrial Services Officer |
Pretrial services officers focus on investigating the backgrounds of federal criminal defendants to help the court determine whether to release or detain them while they await trial. |
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Probable Cause |
"...facts and circumstances within the officers' knowledge...are sufficient in themselves to warrant a man of reasonable caution in the belief that an offense has been or is being committed." |
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Reasonable Force |
An amount of force that a reasonable person would deem necessary to accomplish a lawful objective and no more. |
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Standing Mute |
Refusing to speak when asked a question, especially in court. |
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U.S. Attorney |
Attorneys that conduct most of the trial work in which the United States is a party. |
