Section 1

Front 1

Ionic Bond

Back 1

formed by the electrical interaction between ions of bearing opposite charges

Front 2

Electronegativity

Back 2

attractive force exerted by the nucleus on the electrons in a covalent bond

Front 3

Covalent Bond

Back 3

formed when two atoms becomes stable by sharing one or more electron pairs

Front 4

Polar Covalent Bond

Back 4

created by unequal sharing or electrons; ie H20

Front 5

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Back 5

created by equal sharing of electrons

Front 6

Hydrogen Bond

Back 6

Interaction between molecules' positive and negatively charged sides

Front 7

Cohesion of water

Back 7

the capacity of water molecules to resist coming apart from one another under tension

Front 8

Adhesion of Water

Back 8

the tendency for dissimilar particles to cling to one another

Front 9

hydrophilic

Back 9

"water-loving"; used to refer to polar molecules

Front 10

hydrophobic

Back 10

"water-hating"; used to refer to non-polar molecules

Front 11

Functional Group

Back 11

groups of atoms that are consistently found together in many biological molecules

Front 12

Macromolecule

Back 12

Large molecules formed by covalent linkages; ie proteins, carbs, lipids, and nucleic acid

Front 13

Polymers

Back 13

includes macromolecule except lipids; made of many monomers

Front 14

Monomer

Back 14

Small molecules that link to form polymers

Front 15

Synthesis

Back 15

Also called condensation reaction, removal of water thus linking monomers together

Front 16

Degradation

Back 16

(hydrolysis) addition of water that breaks polymers into monomers

Front 17

Carbohydrate

Back 17

formed by linking simple sugars (monosaccharides) to form polysacchrides. C*n(H20)*n ratios

Front 18

Nucleic Acids

Back 18

formed by linking 4 types of nucleotide together to form long chains

Front 19

Lipids

Back 19

non-covalent bonds form these polymers out of monomers

Front 20

Glycosidic Bond or linkage

Back 20

formed when monosaccharides are linked through condensation reactions

Front 21

Simple Sugars

Back 21

these sugars have very short chains of monosaccharides

Front 22

Monosaccharide

Back 22

relatively simple molecules with up to 7 carbon atoms and defer from one another with their arrangements of C, H, + O

Front 23

Disaccharide

Back 23

consisting of 2 monosaccharides; linked through a glycosidic bond

Front 24

Complex Carbs

Back 24

includes: starch, cellulose, and glycogen

Front 25

Starch

Back 25

large molecules that are polysaccharides of all glucose; primary energy storage for plants

Front 26

Glycogen

Back 26

water insoluble, highly branjched polymer of glucose; primary energy storage for animals

Front 27

Cellulose

Back 27

most abundant organic molecule; polysaccharide of glucose arranged in a highly stable manner; largest component of cell walls

Front 28

Triglyceride

Back 28

simple lipids; consists of 3 fatty acids and a glycerol

Front 29

Glycerol

Back 29

a small molecule with 3 hydroxyl groups

Front 30

fatty acid

Back 30

consists of a long non-polar chain attached to a polar carboxyl group; carboxylic acid

Front 31

Saturated fatty acids

Back 31

all bonds in the carbon chain are single; they are rigid and straight and thus pack tightly

Front 32

Unsaturated fatty acids

Back 32

a hydrocrabon chain consisting of one or more double bonds; thus having kinks and not packing tightly

Front 33

Phospholipids

Back 33

contains glycerol, fatty acids, and a phosphate containing molecule; half hydrophobic, half hydrophilic

Front 34

Amphipathic

Back 34

containing two opposing chemical properties

Front 35

nucleotide

Back 35

consists of a nitrogen containing base, a pentose sugar, and one to three phosphate groups

Front 36

purine

Back 36

a fused double ring structured nucleic acid

Front 37

pyrimidine

Back 37

six membered single-ring structured nucleic acid

Front 38

phosphodiester bond or linkage

Back 38

the bond formed between the phosphate on a nucleotide and the carbon on the last sugar in the chain; happens 5'->3'

Front 39

Steroid

Back 39

any lipid whose multiple rings share carbons

Front 40

Peptide Bond

Back 40

bond formed sequentially between a new amino acid and the carboxyl group of the previous amino acid

Front 41

Amino Acid

Back 41

polymers that make up proteins, contain an amino group and a carboxylic acid

Front 42

Polypeptide

Back 42

a large molecule made of many amino acids; large versions of these are known as proteins