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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are secondary defences used? |
To combat pathogens that have ENTERED the body |
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What are the chemical markers on the antigens outer membrane called? |
Antigens |
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Define opsonins |
Protein molecules that attach to antigens on the surface of a pathogen. Their role is to enhance the ability of phagocytic cells to bind and engulf the pathogen. |
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What is the first line of secondary defence called? |
Phagocytosis |
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What is the most common phagocytic called and what does it do? |
Neutrophil Engulf and digest pathogens Manufactured in the bone marrow Recognisable by their multi - lobed nucleus |
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What do macrophages travel in the blood as? |
Monocytes |
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What does a macrophage not get mistaken for a foreign cell? |
Because the antigen from the surface of the pathogen is moved to a special protein complex. |
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Describe the five stages of phagocytosis |
1 pathogens produce chemicals that attract phagocytes 2 phagocytes recognise non - human proteins on the pathogen 3 the phagocyte engulfs the pathogen and encloses it in a vesicle called a phagosome 4 the phagosome combines with a lysosomal to form a phagolysosome 5 enzymes from the lysosomal digest and destroy the pathogen |
