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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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War of 1812
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Military conflict between the US and GB over: GB impressment of US soldiers, GB attempts to influence indians to stop expansion,
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"era of good feelings"
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1817-1825; people had good feelings caused by the nationalistic pride after the Battle of New Orleans and second war for Independence with British, there was one political party; on the surface everything looked fine, but underneath it all everything was troubled, conflict over slavery; sectionalism was inevitable, Missouri Compromise dampened era
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Missouri Compromise
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1820; Missouri was becoming a state but the union did not want to admit another slave state because it would give unfair represenation to slave state in the Congress. Maine then was admitted as a free state and the agreement was that there would be no more slaves states admitted north of the southern Missouri border.
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corrupt bargain
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Election of 1824, Immediately after John Quincy Adams became President, he appointed Henry Clay as Secretary of State. This "corrupt bargain" occurred when Andrew Jackson had the most popular votes, but not enough electoral votes. Henry Clay, Speaker of the House, convinced the House to elect Adams as President.
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nullification crisis
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federal tariffs could be declared null and void by individual states and that they could refuse to enforce them.
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sharecropping
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Following the war, many former slaves remained in the South, not always out of a desire to be there, but out of lack of real alternatives. These freed men and women often continued to work on plantations as sharecroppers. Their pay, which was a share of the crop, was usually barely enough for them to survive.
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Bleeding Kansas
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free-soil and pro-slavery settlers moved into the new state in the anticipation of struggle over the state's position on slavery. The first settlers into the territory came from neighboring Missouri, and many brought their slaves with them.
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Compromise of 1850
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Henry Clay's proposal; admitted California as a free state; specified that slavery would continue in DC; strengthened provisions for the capture of fugitive slaves, and kept the Federal government from interfering in interstate slave trade
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Dred Scott v Sanford decision
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Dred Scott (slave) was moved to a free state; owner died and he fought for his freedom; case was appealed to USSC and the court ruled that a slave was property and it didn't matter where the slave was moved - he had no rights and was always considered property
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Kansas-Nebraska Act - 1854
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the act undid the Compromise of 1850, which explicitly banned slavery north of southern border of Missouri, and left the matter open to popular sovereignty--as the decision of the new states' citizens.
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Manifest Destiny
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The belief of Americans that they were destined by God to expand the US from west coast to east coast as they spread chistianity to justify their expansion.
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Robert Fulton
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American inventor who designed the first commercially successful steamboat and the first steam warship
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Erie Canal
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It was the first transportation system between the eastern seaboard (New York City) and the western interior (Great Lakes) of the United States that did not require portage, was faster than carts pulled by draft animals, and cut transport costs by about 95%.
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Eli Whitney
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was an American inventor best known for inventing the cotton gin; made short staple cotton into a profitable crop, which strengthened the economic foundation of slavery
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cotton kingdom
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the cotton-producing region of the southern United States up until the Civil War; predominant feature of the Cotton Kingdom was the employment of slave labor
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Cult of Domesticity
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view among upper and middle class white women; Women were put in the center of the domestic sphere and were expected to fulfill the roles of a calm and nurturing mother, a loving and faithful wife, and a passive, delicate, and virtuous creature. These women were also expected to be pious and religious, teaching those around them by their Christian beliefs, and expected to unfailingly inspire and support their husbands
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Nat Turner
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first slave to actually start a rebellion in 1831 in which several white people were killed, thus magnifying the South’s great fear of a slave rebellion
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John C. Calhoun
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was a rabid advocate and representative of the planter elite in the South; opposition of the abolitionists, Calhoun claims that slavery was vital to the South’s economy and would fail without its massive free-labor force.
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Jacksonian Democracy
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political philosophy of President Andrew Jackson; refers to the period of the Second Party System; ending what he termed a "monopoly" of government; the electorate expanded to include all white male adult citizens, rather than only land owners in that group; promoted the strength of the presidency and executive branch at the expense of Congress, while also seeking to broaden the public's participation in government
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"bank war"
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controversy over the Second Bank of the United States and the attempts to destroy it by then-president Andrew Jackson; a monopoly with special privileges that only benefited wealthy northeastern stockholders at the expense of farmers and workers
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free-soil
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a short-lived political party in the United States active in the 1848 and 1852 presidential elections; consisted of former anti-slavery members; opposing the expansion of slavery into the western territories, arguing that free men on free soil comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery. They opposed slavery in the new territories and sometimes worked to remove existing laws that discriminated against freed African Americans in states such as Ohio.
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Texas Revolution
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a military conflict between Mexico and settlers in the Texas; Santa Anna attempted to reverse this trend by such measures as abolishing slavery and enforcing the collection of customs duties. The settlers rebelled
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Mexican-American War
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an armed conflict between the United States and Mexico from 1846 to 1848 in the wake of the 1845 U.S. annexation of Texas, which Mexico considered part of its territory despite the 1836 Texas Revolution; , forcing Mexico to agree to the sale of its northern territories to the U.S.
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pro-slavery argument
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slaves were better off than working in northern factories; were provided for; Biblical superiority of whites; God ordained; slaves were content; economics benefited the entire nation
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Lincoln–Douglas debates of 1858
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7 debates; all centered around slavery; Lincoln=Republican and Douglas=Democrat; attempt to win a Senate seat; debates were published - Lincoln's were as transcribed - Douglas' were edited; Lincoln lost election
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john brown
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an American abolitionist, who advocated and practiced armed insurrection as a means to end all slavery. He led the Pottawatomie Massacre in 1856 in Bleeding Kansas and made his name in the unsuccessful raid at Harpers Ferry in 1859; was the turning point that republicans were ready to face slavery issue
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Election of 1860
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Election between Lincoln (R) and two Democrats - Douglas and Breckinridge - main issue was slavery; Lincoln won - south was angry that Lincoln won and the nation tettered on war
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Fort Sumter
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fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, that was the scene of a bombardment from April 12 to 14, 1861, the opening engagement of the Civil War
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Antietam/Sharpsburg
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Decisive and bloody battle of the American Civil War that halted the Confederate advance on Maryland; the victory encouraged Pres. Abraham Lincoln to issue a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
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Gettysburg
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A town of southern Pennsylvania; was the site of a major Union victory in the Civil War (July 1-3, 1863), which checked Robert E. Lee's invasion of the North. The battle and Abraham Lincoln's famous Gettysburg Address
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Vicksburg
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•a town in western Mississippi on bluffs above the Mississippi River; focus of an important campaign during the American Civil War as the Union fought to control the Mississippi River and so to cut the Confederacy into two halves; confederacy; after being besieged for nearly seven weeks the Confederates surrendered
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Atlanta
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city became a critical point of contention during the Atlanta Campaign in 1864 when a powerful Union army approached from Federally-held Tennessee. The fall of Atlanta was a critical point in the Civil War, giving the North more confidence; led to the reelction of Lincoln
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Appomattox Courthouse
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was the final engagement of Confederate States Army General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia before it surrendered to the Union Army under Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant, and one of the last battles of the American Civil War;
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black codes
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laws passed on the state and local level in the United States to limit the basic human rights and civil liberties of blacks; used most often to refer to legislation passed by Southern states at the end of the Civil War to control the labor, migration and other activities of newly-freed slaves
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Fourteenth Amendment, 1868
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amendment was designed to grant citizenship to and protect the civil liberties of recently freed slaves. It did this by prohibiting states from denying or abridging the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States, depriving any person of his life, liberty, or property without due process of law, or denying to any person within their jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.
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Radical Reconstruction
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the bill reduced the secessionist states to little more than conquered territory, dividing them into five military districts, each governed by a Union general. Congress declared martial law in the territories, dispatching troops to keep the peace and protect former slaves; declared that southern states needed to redraft their constitutions, ratify the Fourteenth Amendment, and provide suffrage to blacks in order to seek readmission into the Union; placing Union troops in charge of voter registration.
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Ku Klux Klan
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flourished in the South in the 1860s, then died out by the early 1870s; founded in 1865 in Pulaski, Tennessee by veterans of the Confederate Army; focused its anger reacted against Radical Republican and sought to restore white supremacy by threats and violence, including murder, against black and white Republicans;
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Compromise of 1877
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informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election and ended Congressional ("Radical") Reconstruction; removal of all Federal troops from the former Confederate States; appointment of at least one Southern Democrat to Hayes' cabinet; construction of another transcontinental railroad; 4.Legislation to help industrialize the South.
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jim crow laws
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state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965; laws are the segregation of public schools, public places and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. The U.S. military was also segregated. These Jim Crow Laws were separate from the 1800–1866 Black Codes
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plessy v. ferguson
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a landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in private businesses (particularly railroads), under the doctrine of "separate but equal".
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