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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Representation for blacks?
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When blacks are represented by people of their race, participation levels increase.
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2008 political context
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Economic conditions, unpopular president, unpopular Iraq war, Obamamania, increase in party mobilization, increase in primary/caucus turnout
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Historical patterns: 1870-early 1930s
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Blacks were mostly Republicans
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Historical patterns: 1936
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Shift began to Democrats with the New Deal
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Historical patterns: 1936-1964
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Majority Democrat, and Republicans still got 20-25% of the black vote.
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Historical patterns: 1964-present
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Election of LBJ/Goldwater, Goldwater said he didn't support civil rights movement, and that it was a state's issue.
Republicans oppose CR and social programs because they were a party of white southerners Parties identified with race; 80% or more blacks voted Democrat |
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Black empowerment
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Extent to which a group has achieved significant representation and influence in political decision making. Blacks are more politically active and they participate at higher rates than whites, holding socioeconomic status constant.
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Miller et. al, group consciousness and political participation
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polar effect: preference for in-group; dislike for out-groups
polar power: dissatisfaction with in group status relative to out groups individuals versus system blame: belief that in group's status is attributable to either individual failings or to systemic qualities |
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Previous Miller et. al theory
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components of group consciousness can each add to the likelihood of participating in politics. Having two of the group consciousness ideas increases likelihood larger than the sum of their parts.
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Indogeneity
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When x influences y, y influences x, Obama being black probably got people to vote
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Winning the Race (Philpot, Shaw, McGowen)
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Was group consciousness and the first Af Am major party presidential nominee sole reason that Af Ams turnout increased between 04-08? No! Party mobilization was a critical force in increasing turnout among Af. Ams.
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Will stimuli increase voter likelihood?
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It will! Phone calls, postcards, etc. will definitely.
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% Af Ams voting?
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since 1960s, 90-95% Af Ams Dem
before 1930s, most Af Ams chose Republicans 1930s-1960s, Af Ams lean Democrat |
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LBJ
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signed Civil Rights Act of 1964, supported federal action preventing black disenfranchisement (VRA 1965), supported expanded social welfare spending (Medicare, Medicaid), Head Start, won almost 62% of the vote
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Breakdown of country ideologically 1964
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40% Democrat
40% Republican 20% Swing |
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Goldwater
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Said CRA should be a state level issue
He was Mr. Conservative in the Senate, supported small government, but by today's standards wasn't socially conservative |
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Latino politics
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Latinos are 16.7% of US population
Of those, 60% are native born, 40% are foreign born |
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Breakdown of national origin groups
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Mexican, 64.9%
PR, 9.2% Cuban, 3.7% Salvadorans, 3.6% Dominicans, 3.0% |
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Geographic dispersion
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Continuation of existing regions, exploding numbers, spread across the US, rapid in the South
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Latino growth
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Latinos have been 1/2 the US population since 2000
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Political impact Latinos
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Small % of ballots cast
States with strategic importance Increased population in the SW (NV, AZ, CO, NM) ~6K Latino elected officials lots of non voters because non citizens |
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In 2000, what happened?
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Latinos surpassed blacks in size! About .2% leg over them!
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Participation Latinos
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Less political socialization in children, no strong historical party ties, newer, younger independents, immigrants socialized - a subgroup party ID
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Panethnicity
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whether or not Latinos of any race think they're a group
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Latino numbers compared to blacks
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Latinos get married younger and have more children, so there are more Latinos numerically but Af Ams have higher voter turnout
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Hispanic political iden***y
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51% identify by family's country of origin
Just 24% prefer panethnic label -> Latino, Hispanic Latinos do not share "linked fate" based on a common history |
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Latino/Hispanic terms are socially constructed
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They were developed by the US Census and used by scholars and commentators. Predominant commonality among Latinos is a cultural affinity and sometimes a shared common Spanish language
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LNS shows
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2006 LNS shows an increase in pan ethnic identification among younger Latinos. There's been a growth in panethnic identification in the last 20 years.
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Term Hispanic versus term Latino?
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It's about 50-50. If a preference, they like Hispanic a LITTLE better.
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Most important issues?
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economy, then immigration, bilingual education, affirmative action
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Articles
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Latinos who have been in the country for longer are less likely to support bilingual education, because they already know English
Issues that explain Hispanic partisanship include country of origin (main factor), not city they live in but their native place, and religion - most are Catholic and identify with conservatives |
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Latino political participation
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Traditional factors, legal requirements
naturalization - high interest, low naturalization, bureaucracy deters, but leaders promote citizenship low levels of naturalization because it's more expensive, longer process |
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Voting Rights Amendment '75
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1975, removal provisions - bilingual ballots and oral assistance
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Registered mobilization of Latinos
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Increase in numbers of eligible voters, contacted to register, tied to broad gains and effects
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Language policy
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Bond of identity, cultural marker/symbolic attachment, high level of consensus, English proficiency increases over time (all know they must know English in order to succeed)
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Religious affiliation
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Latinos - Catholic
70% Catholic 20% Protestant (Evangelicals, which increases their Republican likelihood) |
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Electoral impact Latinos
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Competitive elections, states - concentrated, mobilization of Latinos, engagement of LEOs
increased voting/participation - visible Latino candidate, relevant political issues factors that increase Latino turnout - Latino candidate, shared experiences relevant political issues |
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2008 election results
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slight increase in turnout
66% voted Obama, except Cubans |
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Shift from 2004
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backlash, immigration reform
the economy war in Iraq |
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Latino participation gap
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youth, non-citizens
increased political awareness, visibility, influence aging of US born Latino population, growing electoral strength running for offices in state, local, national races moving into the American Mainstream - intermarriage, friendships, members of civic groups, orgs |
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Trends Latinos nowadays
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family is prominent in political socialization process
increasing suburbanization (trends that Latinos are increasingly moving to suburbs) 2010 Census - states that gained seats have sizable Latino population |
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Stereotypes of Latinos - generalized issues
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often judged negatively by whites
possess negative traits (poorer, lazier, less patriotic) positive - family oriented, proud, tradition loving and religious |
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Vote eligibility of race/ethnic group
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Whites, 77.7 %
blacks, 67.2 asians 52.8 latinos 42.7 |
