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30 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

After the Crusade

Godfrey = Advocate of the Holy Sepulchre (King)


Bohemond = Antioch


Baldwin = Edessa


Raymond = Tripoli


Muslims lack unity and fear the undefeated christians meaning the states flourish.


Many people travel to the Holy lands to earn fame and fortune

Templars

Set up by Hugh of Payens and supported by St. Bernard. Purpose is to protect pilgrims but they also end up attacking muslims


They receive lots of monetary support and build huge fortresses.


Very pious - chastity, lots of meditation etc.


Obedient only to the pope and feared by muslims for their brutality.

The Hospitallers

Knights of St. John


Originally began in a hospital in Jerusalem before the 1st crusade.


Less strict than templars


Originally set up to protect pilgrims but ended up as shock assault troops against muslims

Assassins

Set up by as'Sabah and are shiite extremists.


They kill Balak who had imprisoned the King of Jerusalem.


Believed in an idea of communism (kind of) and they committed suicide attacks on enemies.


Purify islam by killing all Sunnis or Shiites who associate with them but worked with Crusaders

Beirut

Crusaders invade Beirut and slaughter every muslim because of their resistance to the siege.


It is outrageous and news of it spreads across the land.


Arabs everywhere outraged and mourning.


Refugees demand a moslem army raised to take back the Holy land - a Jihad

Zengi

Leader of the Jihad - Slave-born Turkish Prince of Mosul who rose to power by crushing an uprising by the Baghdad Caliph


Cruel and inspires fear - pious but a drunkard


Charismatic Preacher and is seen as the 'Mahdi' (Redeemer)

Siege of Montferrand

1137-


Attacks King Fulk and surrounds him at the Castle of Montferrand, Tripoli and starves him out


Fulk manages to call for support from BE and a large army on its way (Crusaders don't know this)


Zengi sees an army coming and negotiates surrender terms and gets 50,000.


Huge success for Zengi as BE would have destroyed him.

Siege of Edessa

Wants Damascus but they ally with Franks to prevent this (Fear of Zengi) so he targets Edessa.


1144 - Joscelin leaves Edessa on a mission so Zengi attacks the defenceless city.


No mercenaries in the city as Archbishop Hugo didn't pay them. Raymond refuses to help (Joscelin had offended him)


Tunnels dug under walls and exploded, walls collapse - every latin christian Slaughtered

Ali Al-Sulami

Kitab al-Jihad ("Book of the Holy War")


"Give precedence to jihad of yourselves over jihad of your enemies"

Call of the Second Crusade

Fall of Odessa leads to Pope Eugenius III's call (Vatican had been taken by peasants) from Piza.


His plea fails in a decadent Europe.


St. Bernard is an ascetic (disciplined) and an incredible preacher and he pitches the Crusade at Burgundy - He is very successful


Louis joins after he accidentally kills peasants


Conrad joins believing it will unite his kingdom.

The March

1147-


Conrad and Louis set off for Constantinople from their countries.


Emperor Manuel offers his guide Stephen to the Crusaders and tries to get them away quickly


Byzantine aren't too worried about helping the crusaders after last time


Germans

1147-


Stephen deserts the German army near Dorylaeum and they are ambushed by a large turkish army.


Germans are tired and weighed down by armour and only 1/10 of the Army escape to Nicea.

French

The French catch up to Conrad's remnants at Nicea and Conrad has to return to Constantinople due to illness.


They carry on over the Taurus mountains to Antalya where they are ambushed by turks (and win!)


Upon reaching Antayla they realise that the BE has not supplied enough boats and only the nobles can afford passage to Antioch.

Antioch

French are greeted by Prince Raymond, the english lord of Antioch. He became a prince by marrying the 9yo daughter of King Fulk. Ends up having sex repeatedly with his niece Eleanor (Louis' wife!)


Louis' refuses to attack Aleppo as suggested and instead goes to Jerusalem to pray (and forces his wife to go too)

Jerusalem

In Jerusalem, Louis, Queen Melisende and Conrad create a plan. Rather than attack their enemies, they decide to attack their one ally, Damascus.


Nur ed-Din

Zengi killed by his eunuch and his son replaces him.


Pious man who preaches 'Jihad and Unity'


Controls most of Syria and keeps watch on the Damascus siege

Siege of Damascus - 1148

They attack the heavily guarded orchards and are faced with constant barrages of arrows, hidden lances and surprise attacks. On the first day over 5000 are killed.


Conrad slaughters loads after originally being at the rear and they reach the walls.


They then decide to reestablish their camp on the Eastern side, lose access to food and water, and are forced to retreat without taking Damascus.

Aftermath of Damascus

Damascus joins Nur ed-DIn under "Jihad and Unity' and the Muslim world is now basically unified.


Louis stays on at Jerusalem for a year


Conrad arranges an attack on Egypt but no-one joins him so he returns home


Bernard blames the failure of the crusade on BE

ed-Din attacks Egypt

Nur ed-Din then attacks the Egyptians who ask for support from King Amalric of Jerusalem.


Nur ed-Din attacks a frankish fortress to distract the Franks and ambushes them as they rush to help the Franks. Frankish leaders imprisoned by Nur. (King Amalric still in Egypt)

Crusaders attack Egypt

The Crusaders then attack Bilbeis (1163) and the city falls. They slaughter every single person and loot everything. They move onto Cairo.


Shawar (sultan of Egypt) then allies with Nur ed-Din and the Crusaders retreat.


The Muslims are now all united under ed-Din.


Crusaders ally with BE


Saladin becomes Sultan after his Uncle Shirkuh 'dies'

Jacob's Ford

Chastellet Castle - 1178- Building begins at Jacob's ford which is the main route between Saladin's Empire and the Crusader Kingdom. Only a day's march from Saladin's capital, Damascus.


Castle unfinished when Saladin returned from a rebellion and he attacked it in August 1179 (digging under the walls and collapsing the tunnels).


He won and slaughtered the garrison of 1500.

Reynald of Chatillon

Prince of Antioch due to marrying Princess Constance (wife of late Raymond)


He attacks the BE Cyprus and pisses off Emperor Manuel and then grovels to him 3 years later (which is an act)


He loses Antioch when his wife dies so instead aims to attack Mecca and fails, pissing off Saladin after kidnapping Saladin's sister.

Saladin

Main study was religion, not military tactics.


Respected for his chivalry and 'just war'; tactics.


United the Muslim world and was a strict muslim.


Known for attempting to defend an entire country's ideology as well as its territory.

Saladin's response

Saladin then attacks Reynald's Kerak and fails at first before returning in the Summer where once again he cannot take it.


When King Baldwin the leper dies and King Guy is elected, civil war almost breaks out as many nobles refuse to bend the knee to him.


Saladin amasses an army after Reynald continues to raid Cairo caravans and lies in waits in Tiberius

Battle of Hattin

July 1187,


King Guy, against advice, decided to march against Saladin and with no water and outrageous heat, with constant muslim attacks, they lost against Saladin.


20,000 Crusaders v 30,000 Moslems


King Guy and Reynald are taking prisoner and while King Guy was given water, Reynald was stabbed through the throat and then beheaded with an axe by saladin.

Saladin's advancement

With King Guy as a prisoner, he sweeps through the Christian Holy lands and by August, only Tyre and Jerusalem remain and on September 20th, 1187, he attacks Jerusalem and wins (without slaughtering everyone inside!)

Uses of Castles

Bases for garrisons to manage manpower shortage and allow raids


Supply dumps for armies and protection for locals


Stripping the garrisons of castles to join Guy's army prior to Hattin was one main reason the kingdom rapidly fell



Castles

Ibelin + Blanchegarde - 1141 - between Jaffa and Ascalon - protected from the Fatimids as they would attack crusaders from Ascalon.


Kerak - 1140's - One of largest crusaders castles built. Controlled traders from Damascus to Egypt


(Used by Reynald to attack trade caravans - besieged by Saladin in 1183)

Comnenus




Raymond





Manuel Comnenus - Not a supporter of 2nd Crusade. Didn't support crusaders (broke their pact - Edessa). He supports crusaders at Montferrand but doesn't help Conrad and Louis


Raymond III - Didn't support King Guy, Raymond had a pact with Saladin (I won't attack you if you support me as King), and aimed to take Jerusalem from Guy, but Guy wanted to take Raymond's land (Sibylla chose Guy not raymond)





Baldwin IV




Guy



Baldwin IV - Leper King - agressive, didn't ratify Raymond's treaty with Saladin - also planned an attack on Egypt. Defeated Saladin in 1177 at Battle of Montgisard - was very weak (couldn't mount a horse)


King Guy - Elected by Sibyl in 1186. Supported Reynald, not Raymond. Lost Battle of HAttin and lost his title of King. Impressionable