Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Characteristics of a solution:
six of them |
they have a uniform composition
they have a variable composition they will not seperate on standing cannot seperate using filtration use distilation to seperate most solutions are transparent (can see thru them) |
|
|
solvent
|
the component present in the largest amount
what does the dissolving |
|
|
solute
|
any other component present
|
|
|
solubility
|
the grams of solute that will dissolve in 100 mL of water
|
|
|
saturated
|
contains the maximum amt of solute
(keep adding until some at bottom doesn't dissolve) |
|
|
unsaturated
|
does not contain the maximum amt of solute
|
|
|
supersaturated
|
cooling is very slow and contains more than max of amt of solute at a given temp
|
|
|
temp effects
|
for most solids: solubility inc as temp inc
gas: solubility dec with inc temp |
|
|
Electrolyte
|
a substance that conducts an electric current in water
ex: NaCl |
|
|
How can I predict the solubility of an ionic compound?
|
-use solubility rules
if compound does not have the cations or anions mentioned is is not soluble in water |
|
|
What can I do to increase the solubility in water of a
solid solute? |
raise the temp
|
|
|
What can I do to inc the solubility in water of a gas solute?
|
lower the temp
inc the pressure |
|
|
concentration units
|
(m/v)
grams of solute/mL of solution x 100 molarity (M) |
|
|
What is an expectorant?
|
guaifensisin found in cough medicine
|
|
|
Brass is an ally of which two metals?
|
/
|
|
|
percent composition
|
g/mL x 100 and then unit is (m/v)
|
|
|
molarity
|
moles of a soluion/volume of a solution in L
most times have to convert g to mol and convert mL to L |
|
|
Dilution
|
c= concentration
C1V1 = C2V2 V2= C1V1/C2 Dilution problems always ask for how many mL!!! That is how you will know it is dilution prob. When set up table C2 is the first number given in the problem. |
|
|
What is the main component in most major brands of anitfreeze?
|
ethylene glycol
|
|
|
Colligative properties
|
prop of a solution that depend on the concentration of the solute (number of part present) but not its idenity
Boiling pt freezing pt depression |
|
|
volatile
|
a volatile solute readily escapes into the vapor phase
|
|
|
nonvolatile
|
a nonvolatile solute does not readily escape into the vapor phase and this is has a neglible vapor pressure at a given temp
|
|
|
What effect does a nonvolatile solute have on the boiling pt of a solvent?
|
a liquid solution that contains a nonvolatile solute has a higher boiling pt than the solvent alone
|
|
|
What effect does a nonvolatile solute have on the freezing pt of a solvent?
|
A liquid solution that contains a nonvolatile solute has a LOWER freezing pt than the solvent alone
|
|
|
Osmosis
|
the movt of water thru a semipermeable membrane from a compartment of low concentration to a compartment of high concentration
LOW to HIGH |
|
|
hypotonic
|
LOWER osmotic pressure than body fluids
lower concentration of particles outside the cell than inside |
|
|
hypertonic
|
HIGHER osmotic pressure than body fluids
higher concentration of particles outside of the cell than inside |
|
|
What will happen to red blood cells if placed in a hypotonic or hypertonic solution?
|
hypertonic would cause crenation-water diffuse out of cell and cell shrinks
hypotonic would cause hemolysis-water diffuses inside and cell can burst |
|
|
dialysis
|
a process that involes the selective passage of a subst across a semipermeable membrane
lg molecules like proteins and starch cannot go thru |
|
|
What is the main diff bet osmosis and dialysis?
|
?
|
