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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What forms laterally and cranial to the brain in the mesoderm?
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cardiogenic field
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What is the process by which blood islands form in the cardiogenic field?
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vasculogenesis
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What do the blood islands pull together to form during vasculogenesis?
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left and right endocardial tubes
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In what week does vasculogenesis take place? Where does vasculogenesis take place for body location?
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3rd week; at the cranial end.
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During body folding, what happens to the two endocardial tubes?
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They fuse together.
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What attaches the heart to the dorsal wall of the pericardial cavity?
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Dorsal mesocardium
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When the dorsal mesocardium breaks down, what happens?
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The heart is freed within the pericardial cavity and the connection is made at the transverse pericardial sinus.
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What layer forms external to the endocardium? What forms between those two layers?
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The myocardium forms external to the endocardium. Cardiac jelly then is secreted by the myocardium between the two layers.
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Where does the epicardium come from?
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Proepicardial ogran (from septum transversum)
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Name the four main regions of the heart during heart formation.
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Bulbus cordis (with truncus arteriosus and conus arteriosus), ventricle, atrium, sinus venosus
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What direction does looping of the heart occur in?
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Counter clockwise direction
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The sinus venosus has two horns. What do the left and right horns eventually become?
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right sinus horn becomes the recipient of the vena cavae, left sunis horn becomes coronary sinus
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Inside the right atrium, what structure does the right sinus horn become?
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Sinus venarum (smooth wall), separated by the crista terminalis
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Where do the 4 pulmonary veins originate from?
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A single pulmonary vein from left atrium
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What grows from the cranial wall of the common atrium and divides the two chambers? What hole is closed?
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Septum primum is the growth, foramen primum is the hole that is closed.
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What forms on the septum primum as the foramen primum is closed? Where?
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Foramen secundum, on the cranial end of the septum
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Once the foramen secundum begins to appear, what else appears? Where in relation to septum primum?
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Septum secundum, to the right of the primum
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Where does the foramen ovale form?
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On the septum secundum
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What two structures can lead to atrial septal defects?
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septum primum or secundum
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What % of population has probe-patency of foramen ovale?
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20-25%
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What can present with left-to-right shunting of atrial septal defects?
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cardiac hypertrophy, pulmonary hypertension (more blood routed to the lungs)
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What genetic defect is almost almost accompanied by an atrial septal defect?
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chromosomal aberrations
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What structures lead to septum formation in the AV canal?
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endocardial cushions that partition off and lead to right and left AV canals
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Name two examples of AV septal defects.
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Persistent Common AV Canal, Tricuspid atresia
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What region needs to be separated in order for septum formation to be complete?
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Conotruncal region (up top)
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The conotruncal cushions grow toward each other for septum formation. What does the conus arteriosus become? What does the truncus arteriosus form?
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Conus arteriosus-outflow tracts of right and left ventricles; truncus arteriosus-aorta & pulmonary trunk
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Where do the conotruncal cushions derived from?
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cardiac neural crest (from hindbrain region)
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Name 2 aorticopulmonary septal defects.
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Persistent truncus arteriosus (failure of septal formation) & transposition of the great vessels (non-spiraling)
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What four conditions make up the Tetralogy of Fallot?
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pulmonary stenosis, overriding aorta, IV septal defect, hypertrophy of the right ventricle
-most common cause of cyanotic heart disease |
