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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What three things do you check for when examining a victim?
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Check for breathing
Check for bleeding Check for shock |
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Why shouldn't you move an injured victim?
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Moving a victim may cause further injury, especially in spinal injury cases.
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When should you move the injured victim?
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If there is a possibility of further injury
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What are the three main objectives of first aid?
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Save life
Prevent from further injury Prevent infection |
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What is shock?
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A condition in which the circulation of blood is distrubed causing a lack of oxygen to body systems
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What are the signs of a victim going into shock?
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Sweaty, but cool clammy skin
Paleness of skin Restlessness or nervousness Enlarged Pupils Shallow or irregular breathing Nausea and/or vomiting |
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What is the treatment for a victim going into shock?
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Keep the victim calm
Try preventing the victim from seeing wound Lay the person on their back on a bed or cot and raise the lower end of support 12" so that victim's feet are higher than head |
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Why is it important to not give an unconscious person anything by mouth?
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It may cause vomitting which may lead to choking to death
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What are the three types of bleeding?
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Arterial
Venous Capillary |
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Explain the characteristics of Arterial bleeding
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Blood is bright red and spirts from the wound. Arterial bleeding is life threating.
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Explain the characteristics of venous bleeding.
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Venous bleeding is dark red or maroon in color and flows in a steady stream.
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Explain the characteristics of capillary bleeding.
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Capillary bleeding is slow bleeding that oozes from the wound.
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What are the four methods to controlling bleeding?
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Direct Pressure
Indirect Pressure Elevation Tourniquet |
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How would you apply indirect pressure on a victim to control bleeding?
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Pressure points
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When should elevation not be used to control bleeding?
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When a fracture is expected in the raised limb
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How many pressure points are on the body and what are pressure points used for?
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There are 22 pressure points on the body, 11 on each side.
Pressure points are used to compress the artery against the bone, shutting off the flow of blood. |
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What is a sucking chest wound?
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A penetrating injury to the chest that produces a hole in the chest cavity causing the lung to collapse
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What is the treatment for a sucking chest wound?
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Place an airtight dressing on the wound to help seal the chest.
You can use any material that will create an airtight barrier Treat for Shock Victim must be transported to a treatment facility immediately |
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How would you treat a victim with suspected spinal injuries?
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Do not move the victim unless absolutely necessary
Do not bend or twist victim's body or move head forward or backward Do not let victim sit up |
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What are the three degrees of burns?
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First
Second Third |
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What are the characteristics of a first degree burn?
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Redness mild swelling and pain
A result of short contact with scalding water or sunburn |
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What are the characteristics of a second degree burn?
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Very red with blisters
Most painful of burns Results from deep sunburn or exposure to a flash fire |
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What are the characteristics of a third degree burn?
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Most serious burn
Takes a long time to heal Skin may look white or charred black |
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What is the treatment of a white phosphorus burn?
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The burn must be continually flushed with water while the first aid provider removes the phosphorus particles.
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What is the treatment for chemical burns?
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Flush the area with water for 5 to 10 minutes
Transport to nearest medical facility Do not attempt to neutralize the the chemical unless you know what the chemical is |
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When shouldn't you flush a chemical burn with water?
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For Alkali burns resulting from dry lime
Dry lime and water create a very corrosive substance |
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What is the treatment for chemical burns for eyes?
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Flushing of the eyes with a sterile saline solution for 5 to 10 minutes.
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What is the treatement for flash burn to eyes?
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apply cold compress to eyes and transport to a medical facility
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What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?
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Cold moist clammy skin
Enlarged pupils fatigue headache nausea loss of appetite |
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What is the treatment of heat exhaustion?
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loosen clothing
remove from training or work move to shade apply cold wet cloths to forehead, armpit, and groin give sips of water transport to medical |
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What are the symptoms of heat stroke?
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Headache
Dizziness Nausea Weakness Deep and rapid breathing Rapid pulse constricted pupils Flushed very dry hot skin |
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What is the treatment for heat stroke?
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Remove from work
loosen clothing give sips of water transport to medical immediately |
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What causes heat cramps?
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Not properly acclimating to an environment
drinking very cold water too fast |
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How can heat casualties be prevented in the field?
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Proper hydration
Acclimate to weather No Alcohol |
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What is frostbite?
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The freezing of tissue
usually happens when tissue is exposed to temps below freezing for a period of time. |
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What part of the body is most likely to get frostbite?
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The face and extremities.
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What is the common method to thaw frostbite? What is the wrong way?
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Thaw with body heat, do not use hot water or fire because it may cause burns.
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What is immersion foot?
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A type of frostbite where feet are in wet boots or socks below freezing.
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What are some of the symptoms of immersion foot?
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Swelling of the foot
difficulty walking cold and numb feet and toes possible amputation of not treated |
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What is the treatment for immersion foot?
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Remove wet clothing
Clean with soap and water dry and keep elevated Keep exposed to air Do not rub or massage |
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What are the symptoms of hypothermia?
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Several stages of shivering
Feelings of confusion, drowsiness, and sluggishness vicim may go into shock or become unconscious |
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What is the in field treatment of hypothermia?
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Placing the nude victim in a sleeping bag with two volunteers stripped to their underwear providing body warmth.
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What are symptoms associated with bone disclocation?
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Rapid swelling
Numbness Severe pain Shock |
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What is the treatment for a bone dislocation?
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Loosen clothing around dislocation
Make victim comfortable Support the injured body part with a sling or bandages Treat for shock Get medical help ASAP |
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How do you typically treat sprains?
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As fractures until proven otherwise by x-ray.
Apply cold pack to reduce swelling and control internal hemorrhage Bandage up to provide immobilization. |
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What is the most important first aid treatment for venomous snakebites?
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reducing the circulation of blood which would delay the absorption of the venom.
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How high above and below a snakebite do you wrap a constricting bandage?
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2 to 3 inches above and below
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When should suction by mouth of snake venom be used?
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As a last resort.
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If medivac for a snakebite victim cannot be made in less than 30 minutes, what should you do?
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Use a sterile knife to make an incision about 1/2 inch long and 1/4 inch deep over each fang mark.
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Why is using suction by mouth not recommended for a snakebite victim?
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The human mouth contains so much bacteria that the wound can become infected.
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Why should you be cautious in rough handing a victim with a possible fracture?
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A closed fracture can become a open fracture, increase severity of shock, and cause damage to blood vessels and nerves around the broken bone.
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What are some of the steps to treating a fracture?
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Treat for shock
Splint the possible fracture If it is an open fracture, take care of the wound first before tending to fracture. |
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Why is personal hygiene so important?
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Because of the close living conditions, diseases and sickness can be easily transmitted person to person.
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What are the three methods to water purification in the field?
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Boiling
Iodine tablets Calcium Hypochlorite ampules |
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How long should you boil water before consumption?
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Boil to a rolling boil for 15 to 20 seconds and wait for it to cool before consumption.
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How many Iodine tablets do you use per 1qt canteen?
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1 iodine tablet
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When should you not use iodine tablets?
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When they are stuck together, crumbled, or any other color than gray
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How long must water set after using iodine tablets?
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20 minutes
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When carrying a victim by litter, what is the general rule for moving the victim?
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Move victim feet first
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