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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
What three things do you check for when examining a victim? |
Check for breathing |
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Why shouldn't you move an injured victim?
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Moving a victim may cause further injury, especially in spinal injury cases.
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When should you move the injured victim?
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If there is a possibility of further injury
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What are the three main objectives of first aid?
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Save life
Prevent from further injury Prevent infection |
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What is shock?
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A condition in which the circulation of blood is distrubed causing a lack of oxygen to body systems |
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What are the signs of a victim going into shock? |
Sweaty, but cool clammy skin |
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What is the treatment for a victim going into shock?
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Keep the victim calm |
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Why is it important to not give an unconscious person anything by mouth?
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It may cause vomitting which may lead to choking to death
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What are the three types of bleeding?
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Arterial
Venous Capillary |
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Explain the characteristics of Arterial bleeding
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Blood is bright red and spirts from the wound. Arterial bleeding is life threating.
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Explain the characteristics of venous bleeding.
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Venous bleeding is dark red or maroon in color and flows in a steady stream.
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Explain the characteristics of capillary bleeding.
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Capillary bleeding is slow bleeding that oozes from the wound.
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What are the four methods to controlling bleeding?
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Direct Pressure
Indirect Pressure Elevation Tourniquet |
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How would you apply indirect pressure on a victim to control bleeding?
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Pressure points
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When should elevation not be used to control bleeding?
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When a fracture is expected in the raised limb
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How many pressure points are on the body and what are pressure points used for?
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There are 22 pressure points on the body, 11 on each side. |
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What is a sucking chest wound?
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A penetrating injury to the chest that produces a hole in the chest cavity causing the lung to collapse
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What is the treatment for a sucking chest wound?
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Place an airtight dressing on the wound to help seal the chest. |
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How would you treat a victim with suspected spinal injuries?
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Do not move the victim unless absolutely necessary
Do not bend or twist victim's body or move head forward or backward Do not let victim sit up |
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What are the three degrees of burns?
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First
Second Third |
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What are the characteristics of a first degree burn?
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Redness mild swelling and pain |
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What are the characteristics of a second degree burn?
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Very red with blisters
Most painful of burns Results from deep sunburn or exposure to a flash fire |
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What are the characteristics of a third degree burn?
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Most serious burn |
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What is the treatment of a white phosphorus burn?
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The burn must be continually flushed with water while the first aid provider removes the phosphorus particles. |
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What is the treatment for chemical burns?
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Flush the area with water for 5 to 10 minutes
Transport to nearest medical facility Do not attempt to neutralize the the chemical unless you know what the chemical is |
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When shouldn't you flush a chemical burn with water?
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For Alkali burns resulting from dry lime |
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What is the treatment for chemical burns for eyes?
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Flushing of the eyes with a sterile saline solution for 5 to 10 minutes.
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What is the treatement for flash burn to eyes?
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apply cold compress to eyes and transport to a medical facility
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What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?
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Cold moist clammy skin
Enlarged pupils fatigue headache nausea loss of appetite |
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What is the treatment of heat exhaustion?
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loosen clothing |
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What are the symptoms of heat stroke?
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Headache |
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What is the treatment for heat stroke?
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Remove from work |
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What causes heat cramps?
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Not properly acclimating to an environment
drinking very cold water too fast |
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How can heat casualties be prevented in the field?
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Proper hydration
Acclimate to weather No Alcohol |
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What is frostbite?
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The freezing of tissue
usually happens when tissue is exposed to temps below freezing for a period of time. |
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What part of the body is most likely to get frostbite?
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The face and extremities.
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What is the common method to thaw frostbite? What is the wrong way?
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Thaw with body heat, do not use hot water or fire because it may cause burns.
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What is immersion foot?
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A type of frostbite where feet are in wet boots or socks below freezing.
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What are some of the symptoms of immersion foot?
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Swelling of the foot
difficulty walking cold and numb feet and toes possible amputation of not treated |
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What is the treatment for immersion foot?
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Remove wet clothing
Clean with soap and water dry and keep elevated Keep exposed to air Do not rub or massage |
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What are the symptoms of hypothermia?
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Several stages of shivering
Feelings of confusion, drowsiness, and sluggishness vicim may go into shock or become unconscious |
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What is the in field treatment of hypothermia?
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Placing the nude victim in a sleeping bag with two volunteers stripped to their underwear providing body warmth. |
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What are symptoms associated with bone disclocation?
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Rapid swelling |
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What is the treatment for a bone dislocation?
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Loosen clothing around dislocation |
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How do you typically treat sprains?
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As fractures until proven otherwise by x-ray.
Apply cold pack to reduce swelling and control internal hemorrhage Bandage up to provide immobilization. |
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What is the most important first aid treatment for venomous snakebites?
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reducing the circulation of blood which would delay the absorption of the venom.
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How high above and below a snakebite do you wrap a constricting bandage?
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2 to 3 inches above and below |
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When should suction by mouth of snake venom be used?
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As a last resort.
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If medivac for a snakebite victim cannot be made in less than 30 minutes, what should you do? |
Use a sterile knife to make an incision about 1/2 inch long and 1/4 inch deep over each fang mark.
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Why is using suction by mouth not recommended for a snakebite victim?
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The human mouth contains so much bacteria that the wound can become infected.
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Why should you be cautious in rough handing a victim with a possible fracture?
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A closed fracture can become a open fracture, increase severity of shock, and cause damage to blood vessels and nerves around the broken bone.
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What are some of the steps to treating a fracture?
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Treat for shock
Splint the possible fracture If it is an open fracture, take care of the wound first before tending to fracture. |
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Why is personal hygiene so important?
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Because of the close living conditions, diseases and sickness can be easily transmitted person to person.
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What are the three methods to water purification in the field?
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Boiling
Iodine tablets Calcium Hypochlorite ampules |
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How long should you boil water before consumption?
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Boil to a rolling boil for 15 to 20 seconds and wait for it to cool before consumption.
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How many Iodine tablets do you use per 1qt canteen?
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1 iodine tablet
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When should you not use iodine tablets?
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When they are stuck together, crumbled, or any other color than gray
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How long must water set after using iodine tablets?
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20 minutes
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When carrying a victim by litter, what is the general rule for moving the victim?
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Move victim feet first |
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Firts Aid Treatment White phosphorous burn |
Partially embedded particles must be flushed with water while the first aid provider removes them with tweezers or pliers. Deeply embedded particles that cannot be removed must be covered with a saline soaked dressing. |
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Frostbite |
Ice crystals form in the skin after sustained exposure to temp of 32 degrees F or lower. Based on temp, the exposure time necessary to produce frostbite varies from min to hours. Areas affected are the face and extremities
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Frostbite Treatment |
Affected skin reddens ant there is an uncomfortable coldness. Area becomes numb due to reduced circulation |
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Immersion Foot |
Occur in the hands, is a cold injury resulting from prolonged exposure to wet, cold temperatures It is often associated with limited motion of the extremities and water-soaked clothing The temperature does not need to be below 32 degrees F to cause injury
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Immersion Foot Symtoms |
the feet and toes turn pale and feel cold, numb and stiff Walking becomes difficult The feet will swell and become painful
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Immersion Foot Treatment |
Do not rub or massage the injured part Remove wet clothing Do not rupture blisters or apply salves or ointments Clean with soap and water, dry thoroughly, elevate and keep extremity exposed to dry air
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Hypothermia |
Decrease in the body’s core temperature.
Several stages of progressive shivering Feelings of sluggishness, drowsiness and confusion
Victim must be warmed quickly Move victim to warmth |
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Insect Bite Treatment |
Monitor vital signs Remove stingers, in a "shaving" motion Place ice cube or analgesic-corticosteroid cream or lotion over the wound site People with severe allergic reactions should be evacuated |
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Methods Carrying a Casualty |
Two man Carry Four man Carry Saddleback Carry Arms Carry |
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Using a Stretcher general rules |
Use standard stretchers when available Bring the stretcher to the casualty. Fasten the victim securely to the stretcher. Move the victim FEET FIRST so the rear bearer can watch for signs of breathing difficulty. |
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What is the rule of thumb for number of Combat Life Savers (CLS) per people? |
1 CLS per 6 people
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What is the rule of thumb for number of Corpsman per people? |
1 Corpsman per 75 people or Det site. |