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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How many psi is 1 ATM?
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14.7
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How many psi do you add for every foot you go down?
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0.5
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How far must you go down to add an ATM?
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33 ft
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How many ATMs is 99 ft?
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4 (1 @ surface plus 3 underwater)
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Where is it most difficult to equalize the pressure in your ears?
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1st 33 ft
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What is the best thermal protection?
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Dry suit
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How does refraction of light affect vision underwater?
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1) Things appear larger, closer
2) Diffusion- colors absorbed in ROYGBIV order |
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Sound travels _____ in water than in air
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faster
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It is possible to tell which direction sounds originate from underwater. T/F
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False. If get lost=go up
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You cut your air time in half with every ________
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ATM you go down
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1 cubic ft of seawater weighs how much?
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64 lbs
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A diver, properly weighted, will ____ when she inhales and _____ when she exhales
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rise, sink
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1 cubic foot of freshwater weighs
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62.4 lbs
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You should always wear as ____ lead as possible
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little
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What are the most common types of squeezes?
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Ear, sinus, mask
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In what depth of water can you hurt your ears?
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8 ft (4 psi differential pressure)
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When should you begin equalizing?
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At the surface
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How can you tell if you have a sinus squeeze?
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Blood in mask
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At what depth can you overpressurize your lungs?
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4' (2 psi)
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What is a pneumothorax?
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Pain in side, collapsed lung, cyanosis, spitting up blood
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What is subcutaneous emphysema?
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Visible air bubbles under skin around shoulders and neck, change in voice
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What is mediastinal emphysema?
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Pain under sternum, irregular heartbeat, cardiac arrest in severe cast
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What is a cerebral air embolism?
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Stroke- loss of motor control, speech
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What are a pneumothorax, subcutaneous emphysema, mediastinal emphysema, and cerebral air embolism all signs of?
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Lung overpressurization/ripping
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What is the first thing you should do if someone exhibits signs of lung overpressurization?
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Lay them down
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What are the five steps of care if someone exhibits signs of lung overpress'?
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1) lay down
2) O2 3) hospital 4) DAN 5) recompression |
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At what depth does Nitrogen narcossis happen?
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99 ft
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What is the symptom of nitrogen narcossis?
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lose concentration
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What should you do if you suspect you are experiencing nitrogen narcossis?
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ascend until the effects disappear
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What does SCUBA stand for?
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Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus
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Hyperventilation can be a problem when _______
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snorkelling
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Hypoventilation can be a problem when _______
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diving
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What is the ratio of N to O in air?
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80% N, 20% O
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What is the pressure in your tank due to N?
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0.8 ATM
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What is the pressure in your tank due to O?
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0.2 ATM
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What does cyanosis mean?
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Blue skin
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What is the depth limit for sports SCUBA to avoid ox-tox?
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130'
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What are the symptoms of oxygen toxicity?
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muscle twitching -> convulsion -> blindness -> unconsciousness -> death
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What kind of regulators do we use?
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Demand regulator
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What are two things to remember when rinsing the regulator?
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1) do not press purge
2) do not leave dust cap off |
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What are five minimal characteristics to look for in a BC?
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large diameter oral inflator, mechanical inflator, pressure relief valve, 25 lbs lift min, straps
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You should keep your wetsuit and your B.C. _________
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away from heat sources
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What are two uses of the BC?
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1) float at the surface easily
2) compensate for buoyancy due to the wetsuit |
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When diving, what two items are you required by law to have?
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Flag and float
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List five things to consider when planning a dive.
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Choose from: entry and exit, depth, bottom topography, marine life, current, weather, wind speed, bottom composition, visibility, laws, boat traffic
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What are three things you should take into consideration when choosing a buddy?
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attitude, condition, experience
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the three Rs are...
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Red, Right, Returning
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All tanks have to undergo a _____ every five years and a ______ every 12 mos
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hydrostatic test, visual inspection program
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In order to keep dirt and moisture out of the tank, you should always...
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leave some air in the tank
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Aluminum tanks ____ while steel tanks _____
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float, sink
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What are three symptoms of the Bends (decompression sickness)?
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Choose: fatigue, rash under skin, chokes, pain in muscles and joints, CNS-paralysis
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What are the steps for caring for someone with the Bends?
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1) lay down 2) O2 3) hospital 4) DAN 5) recompression
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What are three aggravating factors of decompression sickness?
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Age, injury/scar tissue, condition, fatigue, smoking/drugs, dehydration
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Recommended safety stop @ _____ ft for ______ minutes
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15, 15 (actually only 3)
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What is max descent rate?
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75 ft/min
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What is max ascent rate?
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30'/min
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