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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The scrotum consists of an outer layer of skin which covers the smooth muscle ____ ____.
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dartosa tunic
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Contraction of the ____ ____ gives the scrotum a wrinkled appearance.
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dartosa tunic
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What is the normal scrotal wall thickness?
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2 - 6 mm
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The area of tissue which separates the scrotum into 2 compartments is:
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median raphe
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What are the 4 contents of the scrotal sac?
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testes, epididymis, prox ductus deferens, part of spermatic cord
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The ____ are 2 male reproductive organs located in the scrotum.
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testicles
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What do the testicles do?
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produce sperm
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The testicles are ____ & ____.
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symmetric & oval-shapped
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The testicles are a _____ gland.
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endocrine
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What are the measurements for the testicles?
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4 x 2 x 3 cm
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The dense, white connective tissue capsule which surrounds the testes is the ____ ____.
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tunica albuginea
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The ____ ____ is a membrane consisting of 2 serous layers that line the inner scrotum wall.
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tunica vaginalis
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What are the rete testes?
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set of tubules that fuse together to form efferent ducts
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What do the rete testes do?
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transport seminal fluid from the testis to epididymis
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Where are the rete testes located?
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at the hilum
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The _____ is a thickened portion of the tunica albuginea.
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mediastinum
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The linear structure seen through the center of the testicle is the _____.
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mediastinum
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The ____ ____ project from the teste and is ____ to it.
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appendix testes, isoechoic
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A ____ ____ improves the visibility of an appendix teste.
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small hydrocele
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The small, oblong structure that lies posterolateral to the teste is _____.
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epididymis
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Sperm mature & accumulate in the _____.
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epididymis
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What are the 3 parts of the epididymis?
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head, body, and tail
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The ____ is the largest part of the epididymis.
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head (6 - 15 mm)
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The epididymis is positioned ____ & _____ to the testes.
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superior & posterior
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What is the epididymis encapsulated with?
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fibrous tissue
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The tail of the scrotum becomes the ____ ____.
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vas deferens
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The head of the epididymis is seen ____ to the ____ pole of the teste.
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superior, upper
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The body of the epididymis is seen ____ to the teste.
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posterior
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It takes from ____ hours to ____ days for sperm to complete maturation.
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18 hours- 10 days
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Sperm can remain in the epididymis for ____ weeks.
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4 weeks
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Where does the epididymis terminate?
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in the prostatic part of the urethra
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What 4 things constitute the spermatic cord?
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ductus deferens, nerves, vessels, and lymphatics
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The ____ ____ is a small tube that transports sperm from the epididymis to the prostatic urethra
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vas deferens
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What are the 2 sac-like structures that lie posterior to the bladder?
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seminal vesicles
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What do the seminal vesicles produce?
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fluid rich in fructose
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About ___% of seminal fluid in humans originate from the seminal vesicles.
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60%
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T or F. The seminal vesicles secrete a significant proportion of fluid that ultimately becomes semen.
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True
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What makes up the spermatic cord?
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vas deferens, testicular arteries, venous pampinform plexus, fiber of the cremaster mm, lymph, autonomic nerves
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What 5 vessels are within the spermatic cord?
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testicular A, deferential A, cremasteric A, pampinform plexus, testicular V
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The ____ arteries branch anteriorly off the AO and are NOT seen on US.
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gonadal
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The right gonadal vein drains into the ____.
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IVC
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The left gonadal vein drains into the ____ ____ ____.
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left renal vein
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Undescended testes are called:
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cryptorchidism
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When do the testes usually descend?
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At 15 weeks
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Undescended testicles (cryptorchidism) occur in ____% of full-term infants.
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3 - 4%
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T or F. Cryptorchidism is usually asymptomatic.
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True
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When an infant has cryptorchidism, when do the testicles usually descend?
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by 9 months of age
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If the scrotum does not descend, the child may receive ____ injections to bring it down.
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hormone
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What are 2 hormones given to a child with undescended testicles?
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B-HCG or testosterone
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What is the main treatment for cryptorchidism?
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surgery ( orchipexy)
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What type of transducer would you use for a scrotal US exam?
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A high freq linear transducer (7.5-15 MHZ)
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In the normal testis and epi, blood flow is _____.
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symmetrical
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