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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What was the Succession Problem? |
The Succession Problem was the problem which occurred due to the unexpected death of Alexander III and then Margaret Maid of Norway was to be the next heir to the throne, however she died on her way to Scotland, therefore there was now no heir to the Scottish throne which could have lead to a civil war. |
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What were the 6 Guardians/ The Community of the Realm? |
It was a a collection of 2 earls, 2 bishops and 2 barons which were in charge of ruling Scotland during the time where there was no assigned ruler. |
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What was the Treaty of Brigham? |
It was the treaty in 1290 where Margaret Maid of Norway would marry Edward II of England. However, Scotland would remain independent. |
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What was the solution to the Succession Problem? |
The 6 Guardians came up with the solution "The Great Cause." This let people who thought they should be the next ruler of Scotland, have their say and plea their case to be the ruler. The most deserving people were from the Balliol and Bruce families. |
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Who was the judge of the Great Cause? |
The 6 Guardians chose Edward I to judge the Great Cause because he had law and political background and was a good ruler of England. However, Edward wanted more land and territory and he saw the Great Cause as a perfect opportunity to take Scotland as his own. |
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What was the outcome of the Great Cause and who was the new ruler of Scotland? |
Edward chose John Balliol to be king of Scotland for 2 main reasons. 1. John had a better claim to the throne than Bruce 2. Edward saw John as easier to intimidate and overthrow. |
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What was John Balliol's main problem? |
John's main problem was Edward, Edward was acting superior to John. Due to Edward making the competitors of the Great Cause accept him as their overlord, Edward was John's superior which mean that Edward could overrule John, essentially making Scotland a new part of Edward I's land.
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What happened when John was made to have it out with Edward by the Scottish nobles in 1293?
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Edward humiliated him and sent him home.
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When England went to war with France what happened?
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Edward demanded that John and the entire scottish army help him fight the French. Because Scotland and France had previously made an alliance the scottish had no intention on fighting with their ally. The scottish nobles demanded John said no and this lead to Edward I preparing to invade Scotland.
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What happened at the Battle of Dunbar?
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The 10,000 scots arrived first and waited for Edward. Edward had nearly 40,000 men. The scots had nearly no armour, weapons or equipment. The English were kitted out everything. Needless to say, it was a bloodbath.
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What happened due to the slaughter at Dunbar?
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Edward travelled around Scotland as far as Elgin and made every noble swore an oath of fealty to Edward and he recorded it on a scroll. Some nobles didn't sign it in person or even sign it at all. This was the Ragman's Roll |
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What is Toom Tambard?
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This was the name for John after Edward striped him of his royal robes in a humiliating ceremony. Toom Tambard actually means "The man with an empty coat". John was then taken to the Tower of London.
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Why did the Scots give up so easily?
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Many hated John and didnt want to fight for him, many were also english and wanted to see Edward win.
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Did all the Scots give up?
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Some scots didn't give up, lesser nobles such as Wallace. The Church was very pro-church and didn't want to be absorbed by the English church. There was also many peasants who saw the English as strangers.
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How did Edward try and make Scotland another province of England?
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1. Had English lords rule Scotland 2. He removed the ancient insignia of Scottish nationhood (Stone of Destiny, Crown Jewels, Relics, Fragements of the True cross and all governement records) 3. Put the Earls of Sulley in charge and Hugh de cressingham as chancellor |
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What is the story of Wallace before Stirling?
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Wallace's wife was raped and murdered by the the Sherrif of Lanark and Wallace took revenge. After the Ragman's Roll (which Wallace refused to sign) he became an outlaw and stole food to stay alive, The sherrif thought he could use Wallace's wife as bait
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What was the Battle of Stirling?
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Wallace and Moray were planning to overthrow Stirling Castle, however Stirling Castle was impenetrable. The only way to fight the soldiers inside is to starve them out. Their plan was to wait on a hill across the river. Due to chivalry being a huge part of soldier life, the English expected the scots to wait until the got to the other side of the bridge and get set up before attacking. However, when the English were half way across the bridge the Scots charged.
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Why was the Battle of Stirling at Stirling?
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Because an army cant march up the west coast of Scotland because it is blocked by the Firth of Forth which is only passable by ferry and the only way across the River Forth was Stirling Bridge.
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Why was Stirling Bridge significant?
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It was significant because it showed that the scots could defeat the english which lead to more support towards Moray and Wallace. However, Moray died from ingfected wounds he got from Stirling and died. He was the brains of the rebellion.
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What happened at the Battle of Falkirk?
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Edward came back from France with another army to defeat the Scottish. Wallace developed the Schiltron to protect his formation. Edward arrived with 2000 knights and 12,000 footment and a lot of archers. Wallace had to retreat due to the immense force of the english which left his archers vunerable- the english archers then slaughtered the Scottish archers
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What was the aftermath of the Battle of Falkirk?
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1. Wallace escaped and took full responsibility for the defeat. 2. He resigned as a Guardian and he disappeared for 7 years. 3. He managed to appeal to the Pope to get King John released. 4. Wallace refused to surrender and was declared an outlaw and was eventually captured in 1300 5. Wallace was then taken to England and was put on trial for treason. He pleaded he wasn't guilty because he never signed the Ragman's Roll. However he was found guitly and sentenced to be hung, drawn and quartered. |
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What happened to Edward, John Comyn and Robert the Bruce after Falkirk?
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1. Edward returned to france with most of his men. 2. Comyn and Robert the Bruce were named Guardians of Scotland however both hated each other and both wanted to be king therefore instead of fighting with John 3. Bruce surrendered to Edward in 1300 4. John surrendered the rest of the nobles in 1304 |
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What were the pros of William Wallace?
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1. Robert Bruce's rebellion was inspired by William's death 2. He showed the scots they could win 3. He boosted moral 4. He never signed the Ragman's Roll 5. He was a guardian 6. He overthrew Sitrling 7. He raided England as far as York 8. He freed John Balliol 9. He started the rebellion 10. He murdered the Sheriff of Lanark 11. He invented the Schiltron 12. He got support from powerful nobles 13. He invented Guerilla Tactics |
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What were the cons of William Wallace?
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1. He left for 7 years 2. He lost Falkirk 3. He wasn't the brains behing the rebellion 4. Murray deserved more credit 5. He lost guardianship 6. The schiltrons didn't work 7. He got caught 8. He died 9. He didn't get John back as king 10. He wasn't chivalrous 11. He didn't protect his wife |
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What happened at Greyfriars?
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John Balliol's nephew controlled northern Scotland and Bruce controlled Southwest and lowlands of Scotland. They could not rule without the others consent. Bruce invited John to Greyfriars to join forces under Bruce's control. Bruce then lost his temper and stabbed John. He was instantly a criminal and was excommunicated.
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What happened after Greyfriars
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1. Bruce rushed to get himself crowned at Stone- as king he couldn't be arrested. He was crowned properly by Bishop Wishart and the Countess of Buchan. 2. He travelled the islands of Scotland gaining support in the winter of 1306/07. 3.He then returned to Ayrshire with a new army. The next 7 years consisted of civil war with Comyn supporters in northeast and central belt. In 1307, he was aided by the death of Edward I |
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What did Bruce do after he murdered John Comyn? |
He travelled the islands of Scotland gaining support in the winter of 1306/07. He then returned to Ayrshire with a new army. The next 7 years consisted of civil war with Comyn supporters in northeast and central belt. In 1307, he was aided by the death of Edward I |
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Why did the Bruce's succeed? |
1. Edwards death 2. Edward II didn't care for war 3. Bruce was a great commander 4. He gave his followers large land grants 5. Robert destroyed Scottish castles so English couldn't take them 6. Roberts enemies couldn't support each other because they were so isolated from each other 7. The Scottish church supported him |
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What happened before the Battle of Bannockburn? |
Edward Bruce had made a deal with Stirling that if no English army arrived by midsummer then he scots got the castle. Roberts wasn't happy but he made the plan for holes to be dug in front of Bannockburn and their bridges therefore making the English move east. Edwards men marched up the road and some knights tried to get through the holes but were slaughtered. Bruce divided his men into 5 schiltrons and some were put in the hidden hills in reserve. The English army was large however, it had poor leadership. |
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What happened during the Battle of Bannockburn? |
Edward tried to take the scots by surprise during the night however, it actually confused and muddled the English army, but he ordered them to charge. However, the land was soft and boggy- heavy cavalry couldn't get through it. Bruce ordered his men to advance and slaughter the English. The English tried to fight back however, they were pulled from their horses and died. |
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What happened after the Battle of Bannockburn? |
1. Edward fled to Stirling castle. 2. Edward was refused entry to Stirling and fled to Dunbar- whilst being chased by Robert Keith. 3. The dead English were then striped of all armor and weapons which was used by the Scottish later on. 4. He issued a proclamation in 1314 which meant that Scottish nobles cannot own land in Scotland and England. 5. Bruce then took the fight to Edward, Bruce's brother invaded Ireland but it was unsuccessful. 6. In 1319 the pope excommunicated Bruce for Comyns death and Scotland was put under an interdict which lead to the declaration of Arbroath. |
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What was the Declaration of Arbroath? |
It was a counter to the Popes actions, it was "signed by every noble in Scotland" and it tried to do 3 things 1. Prove the Scot's were fighting a just war 2. To justify Bruce's leadership 3. To request the pope to urge Edward II to leave Scotland alone. |
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What happened after the Declaration of Abroath |
Robert took the battle to Edward and he invaded England every year from 1314-1323. Eventually Edward II was murdered by his wife and her lover and this lead to Bruce taking the opportunity to invade again. Edwards wife offered to make peace in the name of her 14 year old son. |
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What was the Treaty of Edinburgh? |
This gave formal acknowledgement of absolute Scottish independence. It set up a marriage between Bruce's son to Edward II's sister. The scots were also made to pay England £20,000 but they had stolen around £120,000 from them anyway |
