Science6

Front 1

a moutian that forms when magma is forced to the earths surface

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volcano

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mamgma that flows onto the earthsd surface

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lava

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lava that is inside a vocano

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magma

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clouds of hot debris and gases shoot out from a volcano at supersonic speeds. no lava

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explosive eruption

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a resivor of molten rock materail benteath the earths surface

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mamgma chamber aka magma resivoir

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the opening in the earths surface which volcanic materials issue forth

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vent

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magma with high contents of water or silica generally produce what type of eruption

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explosive

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consists of fragments created by explosive volcanic eruptions

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pyroclastic material

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over many years volcanos have altered betweeen explosive and nonexplosive ______ ______

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volcanic eruptions

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ranges in consisticy from thick to thin

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lava

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cool stiff lava that cant travel far from the erupting vent. oozes is thick and comes in jagged chuncks

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blocky lava

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flowa slowly like wax dripping from a candle forms a glassy surface

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pahoehoe

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jagged surface that flows out quickly is from a hawaiin word

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aa

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forms when lava erupts underwater

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pillow lava

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what are the four tpes of lava

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aa, pillow lava, pahoehoe, and blocky lava

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what is the thicker slowest flowing type of lava

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blocky lava

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what is another mname for pyroclastic material

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tephra

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produced when magma explodes from a volcano and solidifies in the air

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pyroclastic material aka tephra

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largest pieces of pyroclastic material

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volcanic blocks

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large blobs of magma that harden in the air

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volcanic bombs

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means little stones. pebble like bits of magma that solidify before hitting the ground

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lapilli

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forms the gases in stiff magma expand rapidly and the walls of the gas bubbles explode into tiny glass like slivers

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volcanic ash

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can send ash downhill at tremrndous speeds choking and burning everything. can aslo be snt into the atmosphere

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volcanic ash

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result from tremedous amounts of lava erupting from fissurs

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lava plateau

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the temp and presure in the mantle is constant. magma is a mixture of liquid and solid mineral crystals

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magma formation

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ther are mostly convergent boundaries here

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ring of fire

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a rift forms as the plates seperate and the pressure decreases

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volcano formation at diversion boundaries

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subduction zones form mostly located at oceanic/contential plate boundaries

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volcano formation at convergent boundaries

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built from layers of lava from repeated nonexplosive eruptions very tall

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sheild volcanos

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small volcanic cones made entirly of pyroclastic material. steep sides and narrow base

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cinder cone volcanos

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aka strata volcanos.most coomon type is made from both pyroclastic material and lava. has a broad base that gets steeper torwads the summit

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composite volcanos

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a funnel shaped pit at the top of the central vent on most volcanos

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craters

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a large usually circular deppresion at the summit of a volcano formed when magma is withdrawn or erupted from a shallow underground mamgma

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caldera

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what are the three types of volcanos

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cinder cone, composite, and sheild

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result from tremedous amounts of lava erupting from fissures

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lava plateau

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most volcanic activity occurs here. mostly convergerent boundaries

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the ring of fire

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what is a rift

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a deep crack

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a rift forms, the plates seperate, magma fills the gap repeditly

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volcano formation at divergent boundaries

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oceanic/continetal plate collisions. subduction zones are formed.

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volcanic formation at convergant boundaries

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places on the earths surface that are directly above columns of magma called mantle plumes. ex. hawaii

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hot spots

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whats a mantle plume

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columns of magma dirextly above the earths surface

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have not erupted in recorded history and may never erupt again

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exticnt volcanos

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arent currently erupting but have erupted in recorderd history

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dormant volcanos

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are in the process of erupting or show signs of erupting in the future

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active volcanos

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most active volcanos produce small earthquakes as the magma rises and causes the surronding rock to sift

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measuring small quakes

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rise/run. bulges in the volcanos slope may form as magma pushes against the inside of the volcano

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measuring slope

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some scientist believe that a change in the ratio of certain gases may be an indicative of an upcoming eruption

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measuring volcanic gases

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satillite images recprd infrared radiation allowing scientist to track changes in temp. over time

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measuring temp from orbit

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some scientist believe that a change in the ratio of certain gases may be an indicative of an upcoming eruption

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measuring volcanic gases

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satillite images recprd infrared radiation allowing scientist to track changes in temp. over time

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measuring temp from orbit