Science10- Biology

Front 1

biomass

Back 1

the total mass of living plants, animals, fungi and bacteria in an area

Front 2

energy flow

Back 2

the flow of energy from an ecosystem to an organism and from one organism to another

Front 3

photosynthesis

Back 3

plants produce food in the form of carbohydrates-stored in plants, provide energy for other organisms

Front 4

what are the 2 main stores of carbon

Back 4

sedimentary rock and marine sediments

Front 5

What is the main difference between a food chain and a food pyramid?

Back 5

Food chains show the flow of energy from one organism to the next, while food pyramids show the loss of energy from one organism to the next

Front 6

This nutrient is cycled through ecosystems by the chemical and physical weathering of rocks

Back 6

phosphorus

Front 7

consumer

Back 7

an organism that eats other organisms

Front 8

decomposers

Back 8

change waste and dead organisms into usable nutrients

Front 9

food chains

Back 9

a model that shows the flow of energy from plant to animal and from animal to animal

Front 10

Which of the following events has the greatest difference between carbon released and
carbon stored each year?

Back 10

circulation of intermediate and deep ocean water

Front 11

biodegradation

Back 11

the breaking down of dead organic matter by living organisms such as bacteria

Front 12

food pyramid

Back 12

a model that shows the loss of energy from one trophic level to another

Front 13

food web

Back 13

A model of the feeding relationships within an ecosystem

Front 14

trophic levels

Back 14

steps in the food chain that show feeding and niche relationships among organisms

Front 15

decomposition

Back 15

the breaking down of organic wastes and dead organisms

Front 16

detrivores

Back 16

consumers that feed at every trophic level, obtaining their energy and nutrients by eating dead organic matter`

Front 17

nutrients

Back 17

substances such as the chemicals nitrogen and phosphorus that are required by plants and animals for energy, growth, development, repair, or maintenance

Front 18

human activities that affect the nutrient cycles

Back 18

land clearing, agriculture, urban expansion, mining, industry and motorized transportation

Front 19

how do human activities affect the nutrient cycles

Back 19

by increasing the amounts of nutrients in the cycle faster than natural biotic and abiotic processes can move them back to stores

Front 20

name 5 chemical elements (aka chemical nutrients)

Back 20

carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen, nitrogen

Front 21

name 5 ways carbon is cycled through ecosystems

Back 21

photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, ocean processes, and volcanic eruptions/ large scale forest fires

Front 22

describe photosynthesis in the carbon cycle

Back 22

carbon dioxide in the atmosphere enters through the leaves of plants and reacts with water in the presence of sunlight to produce energy-rich sugars and oxygen

Front 23

cellular respiration

Back 23

plants & animals release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere by converting carbohydrates -> carbon dioxide and water

Front 24

how nitrogen is stored

Back 24

in the atmosphere, land masses, oceans, living organisms

Front 25

human activities that affect the CARBON cycle

Back 25

burning of fossil fuels, driving cars, agriculture, land clearing

Front 26

why is the nitrogen cycle important

Back 26

important component of DNA and proteins (essential for life processes in cells)

Front 27

how is phosphorus stored?

Back 27

decomposers return phosphorus to the soil and excess settles on the ocean floor

Front 28

human activities that affect the phosphorus cycle

Back 28

commercial fertilizers, detergents enter waterways

Front 29

nitrification

Back 29

ammonium -> nitrate

Front 30

denitrification

Back 30

nitrate -> nitrogen gas

Front 31

weathering

Back 31

the process of breaking down rock into smaller fragments

Front 32

chemical and physical weathering

Back 32

chemical - a chemical reaction causes phosphate rocks to break down and release phosphate to the soil
physical- processes such as wind, rain, and freezing release particles of rock and phosphate into soil.

Front 33

how changes in nutrients affect biodiversity

Back 33

climate change: changes in rainfall, and wind patterns

Front 34

bioaccumulation

Back 34

the gradual build up of synthetic/organic chemicals in living organisms

Front 35

PCBs

Back 35

-widely used in industrial products such as heat exchange fluids, paints, plastics
-half-life is long
-affects orcas

Front 36

POPs

Back 36

carbon-containing compounds that remain in water and soil for many years
DDT- banned because it biomagnifies, has a long half life and stays in the environment

Front 37

ppm

Back 37

parts per million, one ppm means one particle of a given substance

Front 38

mercury

Back 38

released through natural sources such as volcanoes, geothermal springs, and rock weathering

Front 39

bioremediation

Back 39

the use of living organisms to clean up naturally and feed on chemicals (faster than biodegration)