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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the function of the respiratory system? |
To breathe in oxygen - moving it to the mitochondria and creating energy for the body. |
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Parts of the Respiratory System |
Nose, Mouth, Larynx (a passageway for air, a valve to close off the air passageway from the digestive system, voice box), Trachea (a large membranous tube that conveys air to and from the lungs, more commonly known as the windpipe), Bronchi (the main passageway into the lungs), Alveoli ( tiny sacs within our lungs that allow oxygen and carbon dioxide to move between the lungs and bloodstream) |
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What is the function of the Circulatory System? |
Pumps blood to every cell of every tissue in your body. Transports nutrients, water and oxygen to billions of body cells and carries away wastes such as carbon dioxide that the body produces. The circulatory system carries two types of blood - oxygenated and deoxygenated - these blood types do not mix. |
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Parts of the Circulatory System |
Heart, Blood, Blood Vessels - including, arteries (carry blood from your heart to the rest of your body), veins (blood vessels that bring blood back to your heart and drain blood from organs and limbs) and capillaries (carry blood away from the body and exchange nutrients, waste, and oxygen with tissues at the cellular level). |
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Aerobic Respiration |
Word Equation - Glucose + Oxygen --> Water + Carbon Dioxide + Energy Equation - C6 H12 O6 --> 6H20 + 6CO2 + ENERGY Glucose and Oxygen Molecules react together in your cells to produce carbon dioxide and water and energy. Aerobic Respiration takes place in the Mitochondria |
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The Heart |
Arteries - Take blood away from the heart, usually carry oxygenated blood Capillaries - allow water, carbon dioxide, oxygen and other nutrients and waste substances to exchange between blood and surrounding tissues. Veins - Take blood towards the heart, usually carry deoxygenated blood Blood - A mixture of water, glucose, cells and proteins, 3 main functions - transport, protection, temperature regulation. |
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Specialized Cells in Blood |
Red Blood Cells have the form of a donut. They do not have a nucleus and only a few mitochondria. They carry oxygen to cells. White Blood Cells have a ball shape. But they can shape-shift to squeeze through small gaps. They fight bacteria and viruses. Platelets have an irregular shape. In a wound they clot the blood to stop the bleeding. |
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What is the function of the Digestive System? |
Produces various chemicals (enzymes) to break down food. Absorbs essential nutrients. Filters out harmful substances. Excretes solid waste. |
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Digestion |
Mechanical Digestion - Changes the physical form of food. Chew, tear, grind etc. Chemical Digestion - Changes the chemical composition of food. Phases of digestion: Ingestion, Movement, Digestion, Absorption, Excretion |
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Parts of the digestive system |
Mouth, Oesophagus, Stomach, Small Intestine, Large Intestine, Rectum Accessory parts - Liver (makes bile), Gallbladder (stores bile), Pancreas (contains digestive enzymes) |
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What is Peristalsis? |
Peristalsis is a series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract |
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Order of Size |
1. Electrons 2. Atoms 3. Organelles 4. Cells 5. Tissues 6. Organs 7. Organ Systems 8. Organism |
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What is a stem cell? |
Stem cells are a class of undifferentiated cells that are able to differentiate into specialized cell types |
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Embryonic Stem Cells |
Found in the blastocyst. Taken from inner cell mass. They are cultured in a laboratory. Used in IVF. Pluripotent - they can differentiate into all possible types of specialized cells. |
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPS) |
Cell from the body --> add certain genes to the cell --> iPS cell (behaves like an embryonic stem cell) Unlimited supply of pluripotent stem cells with o need for an embryo. |
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Organ Transplantation |
Theprocess of surgically removing an organ or tissue from one person (the donor)and placing it into another person (the recipient) |
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What can be transplanted? |
Organs - Heart,Lungs, Liver, Kidneys, Intestine, Pancreas Tissues - Heartvalves and other heart tissue, Bone Marrow, Bone, Tendons, Ligaments, Skin,Parts of the eye - such as the cornea and sclera |
