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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Element
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a substance that cannot be broken down into a simpler substance
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Atom
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smallest particle of an element
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Suspension
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a heterogenous mixture that seperates into layers over time
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Pure Substance
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simply a substance
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Compound
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a substance that is made from tow or more simpler substances and can be broken down into those simpler substances
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Solution
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when a substance dissolves and forms a homogeneous mixture; solution is formed mixture
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Colloid
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contains some particles that are intermediate in size between the small particles in a solution and the larger particles in suspension
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solid
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the state if matter in which materials have definite shape and volume
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liquid
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state of matter in which material has a definite volume but not a definite shape
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gas
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state of matter in which a substance has neither a definite shape or volume
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kinetic energy
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the energy an object has due to its motion
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nucleus
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a dense, positively charged mass located in the center of the atom
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proton
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a positivley charged subatomic particle that is found in the mucleus of an atom
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atomic number
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element equals the number of protons in an atom
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neutron
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a neutral subatomic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom
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electron
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a negativley charged subatomic particle that is found in the space outside of the nucleus
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mass number
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an atom is the sum of the protons and neutrons in the nucleus of that atom
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electron cloud
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visiual model of the most likely locations for the electrons in an atom
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neutron
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neutarl subatmoic particle that is found in the nucleus of an atom
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atomic mass
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sum of protons and neutrons
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energy level
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possible energies that electrons in an atom can have
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electron
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a negativley charged subatomic particle that is found in the space outside the nucleus of an atom
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mass number
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the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the neucleus of an atom
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ion
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an atom or group of atoms that has a positive or negative charge
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isiotope
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atoms of a given element that have different numbers of neutrons and different mass numbers
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neutral
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normal,regular, middle
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Democritus
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believed all matter consisted of extremely smallparticles that could not be divided and he called them atoms
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Aristotle
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did not think there was a limit to the number of times matter could be divided
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Dalton
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propsed a theory that all matter is made up of individual particles called atoms, which cannot be divided
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Thomson
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experiments provided the first evidence that atoms are made of even smaller particles (subatomic particles)
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Rutherford
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all of an atom's positive charge is concentrated in its nucleus
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Bohr
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TBA
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valence electrons
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an electron that is the highest occupied energy level of an atom
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octet rule
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TBA
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ionic bonding
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the force that holds canions and anions together
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ionic solids
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TBA
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ionic formulas
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TBA
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covalent bonding
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a covalent bond in which two two atoms share a pair of valence electrons
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electron dot formula
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TBA
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structural formual
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TBA
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electron dot diagrams or symbols
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a diagram of an atom, ion, or molecule in which each dot represents a valence electron
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cation
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an ion with a positive charge
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anion
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an ion with a negative charge
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crystal lattice
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(crystal):solids whose particles are arranged in a lattice structure
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molecule
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a neutral group of atoms that are joined together by one or more covalent bonds
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diatomic molecule
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TBA
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single bond, double bond, and triple bond
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TBA
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kilo
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thousand;k;1000
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deci
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tenth;d;0.1
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centi
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hundreth;c;0.01
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milli
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thousandth;m;0.001
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micro
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millionth;0.000001
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