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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heredity |
The passing of physical characteristics from parents to offspring |
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Trait |
A specific characteristic |
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Genetics |
The scientific study of heredity |
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Fertilization |
The formation of a new organism by a sperm cell joining an egg |
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Purebred |
Offspring of many generations that have the same form of trait |
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Gene |
Factors that control a trait |
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Alleles |
Different forms of a gene |
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Dominant Allele |
a trait that always shows up in an organism when present |
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Recessive Allele |
Hidden when the dominant allele is present |
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Hybrid |
Organism that has two different alleles for a trait |
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Probability |
A number that describes how often an event will occur |
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Punnet Square |
A chart that shows all the possible ways alleles can combine in a genetic cross |
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Phenotype |
Organism's physical apperance |
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Genotype |
An organism's genetic makeup |
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Homozygous |
Two identical alleles in an organism |
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Herterozygous |
Tw different alleles in an organism |
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Incomplete Dominance |
Occurs when one allele is only partially dominant |
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Codominance |
Both alleles for a gene are expressed equally |
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Multiple Alleles |
Three or more possible alleles determine the trait |
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Plygenic Ineheritance |
More than one gene affects a trait |
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Meiosis |
The number of chromosones reduce by half as sex cells form |
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Selective Breeding |
Selecting organisms with desired traits to be parents of the next generation |
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Inbreeding |
Crossing two individuals that have similar desireable characteristics |
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Hybridization |
Breeders cross two genetically different individuals |
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Clone |
Organism that has exactly the same genes as the organism that was produced |
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Genetic Engineering |
Genes from one organism is transferred into the DNA of another |
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Gene Therapy |
Inserting copies of a gene into someones cells |
